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Human NPCs show promise for stroke treatment, but challenges remain in neuron diversity and maturation time. Here, the authors describe the generation of FOXG1 progenitors from iPSCs that quickly mature into functional cortical neurons, enhancing stroke recovery in rats.

The millimetre image of the Centaurus A nucleus by the Event Horizon Telescope reveals a highly collimated, asymmetrically edge-brightened jet. The source’s event horizon shadow should be visible at terahertz frequencies, consistent with the universal scale invariance of black holes.

The yeast telomerase subunit Est1p has been implicated in recruitment of the telomerase complex to telomeres via its interaction with Cdc13p, but genetic data have pointed to an additional role for Est1p in telomere maintenance. Now Est1p is shown to convert G-rich telomeric DNA into G-quadruplex structures in vitro, and this activity is essential for telomere length maintenance in vivo.

This study reveals a regulation mechanism of the ALR1 aluminium receptor involving phosphorylation switching by PP2C phosphatases and PBL27 kinase. This mechanism modulates ALR1–BAK1 complex formation, thereby controlling plant aluminium sensing and resistance.

Atomic representations are crucial for building reliable and transferable machine learning models. Here, the authors propose transformer-based universal atomic embeddings to enhance the prediction accuracy of crystal properties.

TWA1 is a temperature-sensing transcriptional co-regulator that is needed for basal and acquired thermotolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.

During eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis, the nascent 60S subunit is activated by SBDS and GTPase EFL1. Cryo-EM and mutational analyses reveal how SBDS–EFL1 evicts antiassociation factor eIF6 from 60S and explain the effects of disease-related SBDS mutations.

A ‘smart’ toilet that uses pressure and motion sensors, biometric identification, urinalysis strips, a computer-vision uroflowmeter and machine learning longitudinally tracks biomarkers of health and disease in the user’s urine and stool.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of 11 bamboo species comprising lineages from diploid (herbaceous) to tetraploid and hexaploid (woody) provide insights into dynamic subgenome dominance in bamboos.

A pharmacological screen has identified the histone methyltransferase G9a as a target to reactivate imprinted genes in a mouse model of Prader–Willi Syndrome that improves growth and survival.

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a clinical syndrome of ovarian dysfunction that results in infertility. Here they show that BCN1 mutation results in premature ovarian follicle activation and atresia through dysregulation of ferroptosis.

Genetic analyses of teosinte, the wild ancestor of maize, identify a locus (THP9) that is associated with high seed protein content and increased nitrogen-use efficiency, suggesting that THP9 could have applications in crop breeding.

A sample of quiescent early-type galaxies (ETGs) — home to most of the stars in the local Universe — at z ~ 1.8 contain two orders of magnitude more dust at a fixed stellar mass than local ETGs. This implies a higher gas content, at odds with the idea that star formation at this redshift is quenched by gas removal.

The RNA sequence and secondary structure regulate RNA editing by ADAR. Here the authors employ a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated saturation mutagenesis and machine learning to predict RNA editing efficiency of specific substrates.

The development of new methodologies to convert plastics into fuels without relying on noble metal-based catalysts is desirable. Now it is shown that a layered self-pillared zeolite enables the conversion of polyethylene to gasoline with a selectivity of 99% and yields of >80% without the need to use external hydrogen.

The asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña episodes in the tropical Pacific is often not well represented in models. Here, the authors show that this asymmetry is related to subsurface nonlinear dynamical heating and that a realistic representation of this process can potentially improve tropical climate projections.

Self-propagating drives allow for non-Mendelian inheritance. Here the authors use CRISPR to build a chromosome drive, showing elimination of entire chromosomes, endoreduplication of desired chromosomes and enabling preferential transmissions of complex genetic traits on a chromosomal scale in yeast.

Soluble fumarate reductases are essential for eukaryotic cell survival under anaerobic conditions but their mechanism is not fully understood. Here, the authors present structural and enzymatic analyses of yeast fumarate reductase Osm1, elucidating the molecular basis of maintaining redox balance during anaerobiosis.

Vγ9Vδ2 (Vδ2) T cells have been proposed as cell carriers for off-the-shelf CAR therapies. Here the authors describe CD16 as a biomarker for the selection of Vδ2 T cells with high levels of cytotoxicity and report the anti-tumor activity of engineered CD16high Vδ2 T cells in ovarian cancer preclinical models.

A comprehensive time series characterization of a mouse model of cholestatic liver injury with spatial enhanced resolution omics sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing identifies zonal responses to insult, such as cholangiocyte signaling recruiting lipid-associated macrophages.

Off-the-shelf CAR-NKT cells for cancer immunotherapy are advanced toward clinical translation.

Agricultural diversification can enhance ecosystem services, provide socio-economic benefits and increase yields in major cropping systems. This study synthesizes research about the effects of agricultural diversification on global rice production and shows that diversification can increase biodiversity by 40%, improve economy by 26% and reduce crop damage by 31%.

The Indian Ocean Dipole events co-evolving with El Niño-Southern Oscillation typically have a double peak and a brief pause in early summer due to a sudden decrease in Dipole sensitivity in May and June, attributed to northward rainfall migration, according to analysis of an Indian Ocean Dipole model with observational-reanalysis datasets.

An international team of researchers finds high potential for improving climate projections by a more comprehensive treatment of largely ignored Arctic vegetation types, underscoring the importance of Arctic energy exchange measuring stations.

Sun et al. demonstrate that the development of bona fide liver cancer can be modelled at structural and molecular levels by introducing c-Myc into directly reprogrammed human hepatocytes with inactivated p53 and RB.

Methylation of lysine residues regulates chromatin function in part by recruiting readers to these marks. UNC1215, a selective antagonist of the methyllysine reader L3MBTL3 with a polyvalent mode of interaction, reveals BCLAF1 as a methyllysine-dependent interaction partner for L3MBTL3.

Successive fusion of yeast chromosomes is used to produce a single-chromosome strain that is viable, albeit with slightly reduced fitness.

Wagner and colleagues show that cancer cell survival during liver cancer initiation depends on inhibition of c-Fos-induced apoptosis, through the repression of survivin expression by c-Jun and SIRT6.

Essential genes have been effectively studied using temperature-sensitive alleles in yeast. Li et al. construct a large collection of temperature-sensitive yeast mutants and show how it enables high-throughput analyses of the function of essential genes.