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Cold tolerance at the booting stage is critical for the expansion of rice cultivation area. Here, the authors report that a CAMTA family transcription factor encoding gene CTB3 positively regulates japonica rice booting stage cold tolerance and its upstream and downstream interactors to fulfill the functionality.

Mechanisms confer to the enhanced cold tolerance in japonica rice have not been fully elucidated. Here, the authors report a homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) I transcription factor encode gene CTB5 is responsible for japonica rice cold tolerance by interacting with genes in gibberellin and abscisic acid pathways.

Natural deep-mantle peridotites from eastern China reveal Fe-Ni alloys and Fe³⁺-rich olivine, providing direct evidence of iron disproportionation and slab recycling from the mantle transition zone beneath the eastern Asia big mantle wedge.

The function and regulatory mechanism of mRNA acetylation modification in cancer progression remains largely unknown. Here the authors identify that targeting tumor N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) RNA acetyltransferase NAT10 improves anti-tumor response via MYC/CDK2/DNMT1/dsRNA/type I IFN pathway, and show the synergic anti-tumor effect of NAT10 inhibition with aPD-1.

Chen et al. use UK Biobank data to reveal a dietary pattern associated with a lower risk of dementia, and validate this in additional cohorts.

Whether multimorbidity accelerates brain Aβ deposition in humans remains largely unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that higher self-reported multimorbidity burden predicts increased brain Aβ accumulation rates in the ADNI cohort.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

The authors present a chip-less wearable sensor-processor integrated neuromorphic system that combines multimodal physicochemical sensing with neuromorphic processing for real-time, autonomous physiological monitoring.

The authors propose a design that equips a programmable metasurface with integrated capability for sensing and manipulating electromagnetic waves, allowing it to leverage the environmental information to enhance wireless system performance in complex environments.

Xiang et al. use patient samples and mouse models of osteoarthritis to examine the link with muscle atrophy. They identify that, in osteoarthritis, senescent macrophages promote ferroptosis in skeletal muscle cells, and they show the therapeutic value of targeting this pathological mechanism.

Spectral inhomogeneity of solid-state quantum emitters hinders their application in scalable quantum networks. Here the authors use in-situ 3D strain engineering at cryogenic temperatures to independently tune emission energy and suppress fine structure splitting in quantum dots embedded in photonic structures.

Integrated optical frequency combs are powerful tools for optical spectroscopy. Here, authors demonstrate low-power, detectable-rate soliton microcombs from telecom to visible bands, including wavelength-multiplexed operation, using ultra-low-loss silicon nitride waveguides.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Breast cancer cells interact with cancer-associated adipocytes in the microenvironment. Here, the authors report that the cross-talk between these two cell types is dependent on Zeb1, which remodels the tumor-associated adipose microenvironment to confer breast cancer progression.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

It is important to understand cellular uptake of nanoparticles, but the effects of cell cycle and autophagy are underexplored. Here, the authors construct a multi-functional, multi-dimensional platform, and use this to characterise the effects of cell cycle- and autophagy-associated cellular accumulation of clinically used lipid-based nanoparticles.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

Lactate released by tumor cells has been shown to inhibit antitumor NK cell responses. Here the authors show a mechanism for this effect in which lactate drives lysine lactylation of NK cells. A combination treatment also limits this lactylation to prevent NK cell dysfunction, thereby restoring antitumor immunity.

Cropland area—and associated carbon dioxide emissions—in 110 studied countries is 6% higher than it would be without declines in agricultural productivity caused by climate change, according to a comparison of models with and without climate impacts.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

First-instar orchid mantis nymphs avoid predators by mimicking black-red assassin bugs, whereas those in later instars avoid predators and attract prey by camouflaging themselves as lighter-coloured flowers. Here the authors use developmental transcriptomics, evolutionary genomics and predation experiments to reveal that this ontogenetic colour change is regulated by a pigment transporter called Redboy that emerged in Polyneoptera 284–197 million years ago.

Sequence-based algorithms to identify T cell antigens often miss targets that are activating the immune response. Here authors show that a computational method they developed, which uses atomic level features as input, can identify antigens that trigger cytokine release in cognate T cells.

The connection between plasma proteomic and brain structure remains unclear. Here, the authors establish a comprehensive atlas of the patterns of associations between microscale proteome and brain structure, and demonstrate their potential value for studying brain disorders.

The Dark sectioning algorithm removes the background and provides single-frame optical sectioning in fluorescence microscopy. It offers improved quantitative analysis and deep-tissue segmentation accuracy and is compatible to diverse modalities.

A method for acetylome profiling requiring a low quantity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was developed, revealing a significant reduction in H4K77ac in aged HSCs, associated with decreased lymphocyte differentiation potential.

ctDNA is a promising method to monitor tumor burden in triple negative breast cancer. Here, the authors show that ctDNA detection correlated with prognosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy but not at baseline.

High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) has been identified to play a role in tumour progression but its involvement in anti-tumour immunity of esophagael squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Here the authors report that the inhibition of STING-mediated anti-tumour immunity by HMGA1 results in promotion of ESCC tumorigenesis.

The prevalence of mutations that can predispose to pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear, especially in underrepresented populations. Here, the authors create a germline mutation map of 1,123 Chinese PDAC patients and compare them to cohorts from other populations, finding CFTR as a potential driver.

Using two-point optical frequency division based on a frequency-agile single-mode dispersive wave, a microwave signal source with record-low phase noise using a microcomb is demonstrated, offering over tenfold lower phase noise than state-of-the-art approaches.

Ym1, encoding a CC-NBS-LRR type resistance protein, confers defense to wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) infection in roots. Ym1’s function in preventing viral invasion is dependent on its interaction with WYMV coat protein and followed by induction of cell death.

The immune response of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer remains low and new adjuvant targets are in demand. By in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 screening that targets membrane and secreted proteins genes, the authors identify that disrupting MBTPS1 in tumor cells upregulates STAT1-transcribed chemokines, promotes CXCR3⁺ CD8 T cells infiltration and potentiates anti-PD-1 therapy.

Here, the authors demonstrate a multi-momentum transformation metasurface. The orbital angular momentum meta-transformer reconstructs different vortex beams into on-axis distinct patterns, and the linear momentum meta-transformer converts red, green and blue beams to vivid color images.

Targeted deletion of integrin-associated protein CD47 enhances long-term engraftment of human CD34⁺ cells in immunodeficient pigs lacking IL2RG and RAG2, enabling large-scale production of functional human immune cells.

Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion efficiency is limited by the energy matching of the sensitizer and acceptor parts. Here, the authors implement a dual annihilator system in chiral liquid crystals to achieve efficient circularly polarized emission.

Organic redox flow batteries face solubility and stability challenges. Here, authors develop Cys-DHAQ, a redox molecule whose zwitterionic structure and hydrogen bonding from cysteine side chains enhance solubility, redox reversibility, and molecular stability.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Single-cell ATAC-seq is limited by cost and scalability. Here, the authors present IT-scATAC-seq, a semi-automated, cost-effective method using indexed Tn5 transposomes, enabling high-fidelity, high-throughput chromatin accessibility profiling in developmental and immune contexts.

The therapeutic applications of disulfidptosis are promising but underexplored. Here, the authors report a strategy for inducing tumor disulfidptosis via interrupting cellular energy supply and reducing power by integrating a copper single-atom nanozyme and glucose oxidase.

Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome features non-motor dysfunctions such as anxiety. Here, authors show that the cerebellum projects to zona incerta through excitatory and inhibitory transmissions to modulate anxiety in a plasticity-dependent manner.