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Addressing the stability challenges from metal electrodes/perovskite components chemical interactions is essential for high-performance perovskite solar cells. Here, authors design a bilayer polymer buffer to mitigate metal/ion interdiffusion, realizing a certified efficiency of 26.46%.

Using human data and mice models, it was revealed that assimilation of ammonia by a gut microbe prevents its harmful accumulation that can impair kidney function.

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) is a neurotransmitter receptor receiving signals from the central nervous system. Here authors show a non-neuronal, tumour-autonomous role for mGluR4 in suppressing dendritic cell maturation and function in multiple murine cancers, and that inhibiting mGluR4 chemically by Forskolin or via genomic deletion enhances the immune response against tumours.

Interpreting bone metastases (BMs) from computed tomography (CT) images remains challenging. Here, the authors develop an AI-based Bone Lesion Detection System - BLDS - and validate it in a cohort of 2,518 patients across five hospitals, showing highly sensitive and accurate performance for BM detection from CT scans.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

The H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) remain dominant in live poultry markets in China, and H9N2 AIVs with HA-Q226L, PB2-V/K627 and NP-N52 mutations can be transmitted between guinea pigs and between ferrets via direct contact and respiratory droplet.

Sunspots are concentration of magnetic field visible on the solar surface, which were thought to be unaffected by solar flares that take place in the solar corona. Here the authors report evidence of a flare-induced rotation of a sunspot, showing nonuniform acceleration following the peaks of X-ray emissions.

To adapt fluctuating renewable energy for water splitting is challenging. Here, the authors provide a “bubble seeding” strategy by introducing electrolyte with nanobubbles to promote the generation of macrobubbles, achieving more stable operation using intermittent energy supply for water splitting.

Sweat sensors are important in personalized healthcare using natural oxidase to target biomolecules but these reactions are susceptible to external interference. Here, the authors report tryptophan- and histidine-treated copper metal-organic frameworks which show highly selective activity for ascorbate oxidation and can serve as an efficient ascorbate oxidase-mimicking material in sensitive sweat sensors.

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is predicted to slow with climate change. Sea surface temperature data and climate model analysis show that since 1900 natural variability has been dominant in AMOC changes; anthropogenic forcing is not yet reliably detectable by this method.

A cost-effective all-in-one halide cathode material with high energy density and exceptional cycling stability can be used to achieve energy-dense, durable cathodes for the next generation of all-solid-state batteries.

Human NPCs show promise for stroke treatment, but challenges remain in neuron diversity and maturation time. Here, the authors describe the generation of FOXG1 progenitors from iPSCs that quickly mature into functional cortical neurons, enhancing stroke recovery in rats.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Formation and metasomatism of the Moon’s primary crust constrained by experimentally determined partition coefficients for chlorine coupled with models of the evolution of the lunar interior.

A novel covalent inhibitor, ISM3312, targets the main protease of multiple human coronaviruses, including drug-resistant strains, and shows broad antiviral activity. It offers a promising therapeutic strategy against current and future coronavirus threats.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Targeted deletion of integrin-associated protein CD47 enhances long-term engraftment of human CD34⁺ cells in immunodeficient pigs lacking IL2RG and RAG2, enabling large-scale production of functional human immune cells.

Jing et al., perform local injections of lipid nanoparticles carrying synthetic IL-2 and circRNAs encoding IL-2R–TLR4 chimeric receptors and anti-CA9 CARs to target renal tumor macrophages, thereby promoting their antitumorigenic potential in situ.

Here the authors show that PD-1 controls coinhibitory receptor expression by T_reg cells. The absence of PD-1 expression could induce CD30 expression, thereby enhancing T_reg function and tumor escape, suggesting that CD30 might be a therapeutic target in cases of anti-PD-1 resistance.

In situ observations reveal explosive mass ejections due to magnetic reconnection in the ionosphere of Mars, with a density cavity as direct evidence. Reconnection between strong open crustal fields can rapidly eject a large amount of mass from Mars.

The Dark sectioning algorithm removes the background and provides single-frame optical sectioning in fluorescence microscopy. It offers improved quantitative analysis and deep-tissue segmentation accuracy and is compatible to diverse modalities.

Traditional luminescent solar concentrators generally require separated energy storage modules limiting applications in smart windows. Here, authors propose an integration between luminescent solar concentrators and electrochromic supercapacitors capable of photovoltaic conversion, energy storage, and electrochromism.

Spatial multiomics methods have deepened our understanding of cellular niches within the tumour microenvironment, but deriving clinical insights remains challenging. Here, the authors develop stClinic, a dynamic graph model that integrates spatial multi-slice multiomics data with phenotype data to reveal clinically relevant cell niches in cancer.

SAT1 is a rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine catabolism. Here, authors discover a non-canonical function of SAT1 regulating H3K27ac marks within genes required for mitosis regulation and chromosome segregation, enabling anchorage-independent cell survival and peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer cells.

Prostate cancer is heterogenous in response to therapy. Here, the authors analyse genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and phosphoproteomics data from 145 prostate cancer patients to identify NANS as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer.

Enabled by imprint field, the authors achieve flexoelectric switching in thin ferroelectrics with millisecond low-force pulses. A mechanically gated transistor with nonvolatile, multi-level states shows promise for tactile-sensing applications.

Sun, Fu, Zheng, Hong, Liu et al. generate a single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the primate cochlear aging, identifying an age-related decline in Slc35f1 and showing that silencing Slc35f1 in mice induces hair cell degeneration and auditory deficits.

STING agonist-based endoplasmic reticulum-targeting molecules can be conjugated directly onto antigens to deliver them to the cross-presentation pathway, improving CD8⁺ T cell responses against tumours and viruses.

Many drugs discovered by serendipity possess the ability to react with cysteine residues on target proteins. Here the authors report a large-scale chemoproteomic analysis to define proteome-wide ligandability maps of 70 drugs with diverse cysteine-reactive chemotypes in native biological systems.

The prevalence of mutations that can predispose to pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear, especially in underrepresented populations. Here, the authors create a germline mutation map of 1,123 Chinese PDAC patients and compare them to cohorts from other populations, finding CFTR as a potential driver.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Preclinical studies have shown synergy in the combination of tifcemalimab (anti-BTLA antibody) with toripalimab (anti-PD-1 antibody) in lymphoma. Here, the authors report a clinical trial investigating tifcemalimab alone and in combination with toripalimab in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma.

Cerebellar ataxia, a hallmark of cerebellar degeneration (CBND), is driven by mitochondrial dysfunction in Purkinje cells. In this study, transplanting mitochondria into CBND mice improve mitochondrial function, reduce mitophagy, and reduce ataxia.

As presented at the 2025 AACR Annual Meeting, in an ongoing first-in-human phase 1 trial of a next-generation KRAS-G12C inhibitor in patients with solid tumors, encouraging safety and response results were observed, including in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

Tao et al. study the role of TRMT6 in colorectal cancer, where it is upregulated and show that TRMT6 supports histone biosynthesis by stabilizing tRNA-Lys-TTT-1-1. Targeting TRMT6 reduced histone mRNA translation in a codon-biased manner.

The phenol industry faces a pressing sustainability challenge from the production of acetone as a by-product at a level far beyond its market. Here the authors develop an electro-biosystem that can efficiently convert such surplus acetone into valuable long-chain commodity chemicals.

Alpine plants exhibit phenological adaptations to germinate and complete their reproductive cycles during the most favorable growing seasons. Here, the authors show that allelic variation in the GA20ox3 gene is crucial for the adaptability of fruit length and seed germination timing in high-altitude ecotypes of A. thaliana.