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Several genes in regulating flowering time have been identified in soybean, but the epigenetic regulators are still largely unknown. Here, the authors identify GmLDL2, a histone H3K4me1/2 demethylase, as a crucial flowering time regulator in soybean.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

Preliminary results from an investigator-initiated clinical trial showed that an AAV-OTOF gene therapy was safe and led to hearing improvements in ten patients with congenital deafness with 6–12 months of follow-up, including in a teenager and a young adult, expanding the age range from previous trials.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

Radiation-induced liver damage is an important side-effect of radiation as a cancer therapy. Here, the authors identify pyroptosis protein gasdermin D as a key driver of liver injury and a potential therapeutic target to alleviate this damage.

Global aging emphasizes the exploration of frailty and depression in relation to incident CVD in middle-aged and older adults. Here, the authors show that frailty is associated with increased CVD risk, partially through depression, with the association influenced by frailty transitions and stronger in males, the elderly, and those with unhealthy lifestyles.

Xu et al. establish the importance of H2A.Z in mouse oocyte development. H2A.Z is incorporated into chromatin at promoters and putative enhancers, and its presence promotes histone acetylation in fully grown oocytes.

Surface high-valent iron-oxo species (≡Fe⁴⁺=O) are effective and environmentally friendly reagents for oxygen atom transfer. Here, the authors create a planar, asymmetric ≡Fe⁴⁺=O with a Fe–Cl₁S₃ structure using pyrite and chlorite, which enhances electron delocalization and weakens the Fe=O bond to improve reaction efficiency.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Arginine addiction induced by argininosuccinate synthase (ASSN1) deficiency has been exploited to treat ASS1-deficient cancers. Here, the authors show an alternative therapeutic approach where ASS1 activity is increased by the pesticide spinosyn A and is shown to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation.

Drought, fires, and human activities have reversed the accumulation of live biomass carbon in the Northern Hemisphere, with total biomass shifting from a positive to a negative trend around 2016.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

ELD1, a CCHC-type zinc finger protein, is found to modulate alternative splicing of the core oscillator gene OsCCA1 and thereby regulate photoperiodic flowering in rice. This reveals additional links between light signaling and the circadian clock.

Chemoselective dual functionalization of proteins is an invaluable tool to introduce two distinct payloads to proteins. Here, the authors present N-alkylpyridinium reagents as soft electrophiles for chemoselective dual modification of cysteine residues in peptides or proteins via a 1,6-addition reaction.

The efficient preparation of inherently unstable N-CF3 secondary amines remains a challenge in synthetic chemistry. Herein, the authors present the synthesis of this type of compounds via oxidative fluorination of isocyanides using iodine as the oxidant, silver fluoride as the fluorinating reagent, and tert-butyldimethylsilane as the proton precursor.

Liver transplantation can be an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, however, outcomes can be variable. Here, the authors use multi-omics to develop subgroups and identify a CAF-related classification.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

As a major source of reactive oxygen species, mitochondria face a challenge to maintain their redox state. Here the authors show that ROMO1 overexpression prevents deleterious oxidation of the mitochondrial cysteinome and exerts beneficial effects on mitochondrial function.

Asparagales is the largest monocot order. Here, the authors produce the phylogeny of Asparagales with transcriptomic data from 455 species and investigate the evolution of genes involved with allium flavor biosynthesis.

Currently, there is limited understanding of the molecular subtypes of fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, the authors employ integrated genomics and transcriptomics to develop a CpG site-specific methylation signature for the identification of FH-deficient RCC, and to identify three distinct molecular subtypes for this rare but highly lethal kidney cancer.

In this work, authors demonstrate a self-sufficient fog harvester system that simultaneously produces nitrogen-based nutrients for fertilizer via spark-driven nitrogen fixation. The device has the potential to enhance crop growth sustainably without additional energy input or pollutant emissions.

Ling, Liu and colleagues introduce MSR, a multiscale recursive algorithm that enhances cardiac microscopy for precise cardiovascular signal extraction, and validate the approach in vitro and in vivo.

Electrocardiogram is crucial for cardiovascular disease prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis. Here, the authors present a motion-unrestricted dynamic electrocardiogram system utilizing skin-conformal, imperceptible electronics for long-term, comfortable, and accurate 12-lead monitoring.

A multi-observational study including laboratory analysis of the Chang’e-5 mission samples, in situ measurements and orbital datasets determined the high level of maturity and iron content of the Chang’e-5 landing site regolith. Heavily processed by space weathering, it mostly comes from the nearby Xu Guangqi crater, formed 240–300 Myr ago.

The authors describe a new mechanism of AD pathogenesis in which the histone methylase G9a regulates translation of hippocampal proteins associated with AD pathology. Targeting this mechanism with a brain-penetrant inhibitor of G9a helped rescue brain pathology in AD mouse models.

A gene-edited pig liver transplanted into a human recipient remains functional after 10 days and indicates that porcine organs could help meet the growing demand for liver transplants.

Cytology is commonly used for cervical cancer screening or triage. Here, the authors used deep learning to develop a liquid-based cytology screening approach to detect cervical cancer in both community and hospital-based settings.

A globally interconnected solar-wind power system can meet future electricity demand while lowering costs, enhancing resilience, and supporting a stable, sustainable transition to net-zero emissions.

In highly myopic eyes, early formation of nuclear cataracts with polarized and compacted lens fiber alignment is observed, yet the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Here, the authors show that TGF-β1-induced m6A modifications contribute to this process by modulating the PCP pathway.

The death of massive stars has traditionally been discovered by explosive events in the gamma-ray band. Liu et al. show that the sensitive wide-field monitor on board Einstein Probe can reveal a weak soft-X-ray signal much earlier than gamma rays.

Catalytic asymmetric click reactions of azides and alkynes for chiral triazole synthesis remains a challenge, due to the limited catalytic systems and substrate scope. Herein, the authors report the enantioselective azidation/click cascade reaction of N-propargyl-β-ketoamides via copper catalysis, affording a variety of chiral 1,2,3-triazoles.

Controlling magnetization orientation and assembling high-coercivity micro-magnets at the microscale has been challenging due to harsh operational requirements and limited spatial precision. The authors present a stretchable linear magnet with programmable magnetization enabled by laser-activated phase-change microcells, achieving efficient and reversible reorientation under mild conditions.

Cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor DNA profiling had prognostic value in a cohort of 584 patients with lung cancer and central nervous system metastases, and could be used to inform personalized therapies.

Drug resistance is inevitable and pervasive. Here, the authors identify the V517F mutation as a significant contributor to USP7-mediated inhibitor resistance. This discovery offers valuable insights for the development of next-generation USP7 inhibitors.

The authors report Bose–Einstein condensation of a two-magnon bound state in Na₂BaNi(PO₄)₂. This should stimulate further work on these types of geometrically frustrated materials.