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The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

Here, Ying Li et al. present the results of a randomized controlled feeding trial in prediabetes participants, finding that advancing timing of unsaturated fat (USFA) intake improves insulin sensitivity through the gut microbiome and bile acid metabolism, regardless of USFA type.

Lfy1 is a maize mutant identified 50 years ago with increased leaf number above the primary ear and later flowering time. Here, the authors reveal that a Copia LTR-retrotransposon insertion leads to enhanced expression of an AAA ATPase encoding gene to give the mutant phenotype.

Staple crop production in China involves high levels of synthetic fertilizer use and losses to the environment. Using a localized nitrogen management model for wheat, maize and rice, this study estimates the environmental and economic benefits of improving nitrogen use efficiency at the county level.

An atomically thin high-κ gate dielectric of Bi₂SeO₅ can be formed via layer-by-layer oxidization of an underlying two-dimensional semiconductor, allowing high-performance field-effect transistors and inverters to be fabricated.

A regulated stress response is essential for healthy child growth and development. Here, the authors show that a nutrition, water, sanitation, and hygiene intervention enhanced adaptive responses of the physiological stress system in early childhood.

Identifying the crystallographic orientations of 2D materials is important, but methods to do so are typically destructive. Here, the authors show that the orientational dependency of self-assembled nanoribbons of oleamide molecules can be used to non-invasively probe the lattice orientations of various 2D substrates.

The mechanisms regulating protein lactylation, a post-translational modification, are not fully understood. Here, the authors discover that Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) acts as the primary lactyltransferase for α-tubulin, regulating microtubule dynamics.

Extensive epigenetic reprogramming occurs during preimplantation embryo development. Here the authors develop a single cell multiomics sequencing technology that enables profiling of genome-wide chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation and RNA expression in the same individual cell and apply this method to study mouse preimplantation embryos.

The current use of elastography ultrasound faces challenges, including vulnerability to subjective manipulation, echo signal attenuation, unknown risks of elastic pressure and high imaging hardware cost. Here, the author shows a virtual elastography to empower low-end ultrasound devices with state-of-art elastography function.

In Klinefelter syndrome, gene dysregulation due to the extra X chromosome leads to delayed development of fetal germ cells (FGCs), and aberrant interactions between Sertoli cells and FGCs disrupt the migration of late FGCs to the basement membrane.

Methods for the dehydrosilylation of alkenes typically suffer from low selectivity and narrow scope. Now, the highly selective manganese-catalysed redox-neutral dehydrosilylation and hydrosilylation of alkenes has been achieved through ligand-tuned metalloradical activity. Whereas an electron-rich bidentate ligand promotes dehydrosilylation, hydrosilylation is the favoured pathway when using an electron-deficient phosphine ligand. DFT calculations have been carried out to understand the observed selectivity.

We introduce a major scientific endeavour called π-HuB (proteomic navigator of the human body), its aim being to generate and harness multimodality proteomic datasets to enhance our understanding of human biology.

Base-resolution maps of DNA methylation in human gametes and early embryos offer novel insights into human methylation dynamics and the functional relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression.

Findings from the SURPASS-AP-Combo trial demonstrate that addition of tirzepatide is non-inferior and superior to insulin glargine for glycemic outcomes at 40 weeks when used as second-line or third-line therapy in an Asia-Pacific (predominantly Chinese) population with type 2 diabetes.

Tumour microenvironment has been linked with immunotherapy response in gastric cancer. Here, the authors use CT-based radiomics to predict neutrophils-to-lymphocyte ratio and response to immunotherapy.

Monitoring single molecule chemical reactions can be difficult and nanopore based strategies which have shown promise are technically challenging. Here, the authors report on a technique which allows for the direct observation of different reactions and demonstrate the ability to distinguish clinically relevant analogues.

Measuring gene expression in individual cells is crucial for understanding the gene regulatory network controlling human embryonic development. Single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of 124 individual cells from human preimplantation embryos and embryonic stem cells (hESCs) now provides a comprehensive framework of the transcriptome landscapes of human early embryos and hESCs.

Editor’s summary_NCOMMS-19-41732B The anterior pituitary gland controls body growth and reproduction but how early development is dynamically regulated is unclear. Here, the authors use scRNA-seq of human fetal pituitaries to identify different developmental routes and state transitions of five hormone-producing cell lineages, and a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal state of pituitary stem cells.

Fast, low-cost and multiplexed nucleic acid detection is challenging. Here the authors report a strategy that couples microfluidic space coding, CRISPRCas12a, and multiplex RPA for the rapid detection of up to 30 targets with only one fluorescent probe.

Gao et al. provide a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic resource of four organs from the human fetal gastrointestinal tract and adult large intestine.

WebAnalysis of gene expression at single-cell resolution in the developing prefrontal cortex of the human embryo reveals a diversity of cell types, elucidates cell lineages and identifies signalling pathways that regulate development.

An analysis of single-cell DNA methylome sequencing data from human preimplantation embryos finds evidence for de novo methylation. Methylation reprogramming at this stage is a balance between global demethylation, which is faster in the paternal genome, and focused remethylation.

The 1T′ phase of MoS₂ monolayers, as well as the 2H phase and their heterophase bilayers, can be grown directly by tuning the potassium concentration in the reaction atmosphere. The pure 1T′ phase demonstrates in-plane anisotropic properties.

Transcriptomics and DNA methylomics are used to study the implantation process of human embryos at single-cell resolution.

Using scCOOL-seq, Li et al. simultaneously characterize the DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility of the same cell during human preimplantation development.