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Lan et al. demonstrate the high performance of plasma p-tau217 in detecting and tracking multiple aspects of Alzheimer’s disease pathology, outperforming other plasma tau biomarkers across two Chinese cohorts (GHABS and Huashan) and the North American ADNI cohort.

Controlling droplet motion after impact on solid surfaces is crucial for applications like self-cleaning and microfluidics, yet the fundamental limit of the droplet rebound angle remains unknown. This study reveals a droplet behavior where it rapidly rolls with a rebound angle near zero, defining the lower limit, enabled by asymmetric adhesion on nanostructured surfaces, resulting in greatly enhanced cleaning efficiency and precise droplet transport.

Electronic wound bandages have to balance conformability and wound healing properties. Here, the authors develop a smart patch (iSAFE) using biomaterials with bioelectronics to facilitate permeability with waterproofing. This achieves intelligent wound management with real-time wound monitoring and active therapy.

An outstanding question about the iron-based superconductors has been whether or not their magnetic characteristics are dominated by itinerant or localized magnetic moments. Absolute measurements and calculations of the magnetic response of undoped and Ni-doped BaFe₂As₂ indicate the latter.

The role of bile acid receptor TGR5 in feeding regulation remains elusive. Here, authors show that physiological and pharmacological activation of TGR5 in the nucleus of the solitary tract lowers feeding and enhances leptin signaling in rats.

Wei, Bai, Wang, and colleagues present HypnoS, a genetically-encoded fluorescent sensor for the real-time monitoring of intracellular adenosine (iAdo) in a cell type-specific manner. They monitor iAdo dynamics during seizures or sleep-wake cycles with high spatiotemporal resolution in the brain of living animals.

Open-source, multilingual medical LLMs can benefit a wide audience from different regions. Here, the authors present a large-scale corpus, a benchmark, and a series of LLMs openly to promote development in this field.

Microscale ferroelectric topological textures in freestanding BaTiO₃ nanomembranes enable dynamic vortex light manipulation via nonlinear spin-to-orbit conversion.

AI applications on mobile devices are constrained by the high resource demands of large models. Here, the authors developed an efficient on-device multimodal embedding system.

Obesity-related osteoarthritis (OA) involves complex molecular mechanisms governing joint structural changes, which remain poorly understood. Here, the authors show that targeting the p53-FOXO3 loop and ferroptosis in osteoclasts effectively mitigates cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone remodeling in obesity-driven OA.

The authors demonstrate that salt stress activates CDK8, which phosphorylates AHL10 and promotes its degradation. AHL10 is involved in recruiting SUVH2/9 to repress salt-responsive genes. The CDK8-AHL10-SUVH2/9 module is critical for transcriptional dynamics in response to salt stress.

In droplet microfluidic setups, droplets are driven around on a surface, which is normally hydrophobic. Now, droplet microfluidics with superhydrophilic substrates is shown to also be feasible by exploiting acoustic effects.

Regulatory sequences encode crucial gene expression signals, but their functionality across species remains unclear. Here, the authors introduce DeepCROSS, an AI-aided strategy that utilises large-scale meta-representation and an accurate predictor for the inverse design of regulatory sequences.

Monitoring the early-stage healing of severe traumatic nerve injuries is essential to gather pathological information for timely interventions. Here, the authors introduce a biodegradable and restorative neural interface for wireless real-time tracking.

The mechanism of superconductivity in layered kagome metals remains unclear, however its coexistence with charge order suggests exotic interpretations. Here the authors study the vortex lattice in the superconducting state of Ta-doped CsV₃Sb₅ with suppressed charge order, suggesting conventional pairing.

This work presents the first navigation-grade interferometric air-core fibre optic gyroscope, enabled by advanced antiresonant hollow core fibers. This long-sought achievement paves the way for improved environmental adaptability in fibre optic gyroscopes.

Zhu and colleagues show that a subpopulation of spleen-derived fibroblasts secrete Gremlin 1, which suppresses chronic myeloid leukemia progression by inducing leukemia stem cell apoptosis through the BMP signaling pathway.

Engineered human models of hearts are needed to study pathology and repair. Here, the authors develop a model which replicates the phased remodelling process. The model is then used to study signalling pathway modulators for their therapeutic potential in a mini-repair model.

Unlike the other iron-based superconductors, the parent compounds of the alkaline iron selenide superconductors are insulators. Dai and colleagues examine the spin-wave excitations in these materials and uncover evidence for a common magnetic origin for all iron-based superconductors.

Conformational isomerization of organic molecules can be guided by noncovalent interactions. Here, the authors report the synthesis of chiral sulfoxides catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes; intramolecular chalcogen bonding interactions are key for conformational locking.

Chemoselective reactions of two or multiple functional groups with similar reactivities remain an ongoing challenge in chemistry. Here the authors disclosed a chemoselective reaction of enedial and observed that the high chemoselectivity is mainly controlled via redox (rather than steric) properties of the substrate/catalyst.

Here, the authors demonstrate how targeted memory reactivation during NREM sleep enhances memory consolidation through repeated reactivations, characterized by increased hippocampal ripples, cortical spindles, and dynamic hippocampal-cortical interactions.

Generation of light with desirable amplitude and phase profiles with nonlinear wavefront shaping is of great interest for optical technologies. Here, the authors demonstrate efficient nonlinear beam shaping using three-dimensional lithium niobate photonic crystals fabricated using a femtosecond-laser-engineering technique.

Myocardial infarction treatment strategies remain challenged in effectiveness. Here we present a bioelectronic interface capable of producing on-demand abundant bioactive extracellular vesicles near the disease area for in situ localized treatment.

Quantifying the function of enhancer sequences is crucial for systems biology. Here, the authors introduce an AI-added strategy to quantify the function of sequences surrounding TFBSs, which successfully modularizes the enhancer, and further achieves the re-design of enhancers with aimed functions.

Controlled breaking of a chemical bond by mechanical forces can provide key insight into reaction mechanisms. Here the authors, using atomic force microscopy and computations, measure the forces involved in breaking a single dative bond between a CO molecule and a ferrous phthalocyanine complex.

Optoelectronic neural interfaces allow for non-genetic and remote modulation of neural activity. Here, the authors propose a biodegradable, flexible and miniaturized neural interface based on molybdenum-modified silicon diodes that allows transdermal neuromodulation and promotes nerve regeneration.

Different experimental probes have found different bosonic modes in the iron-based superconductors. A scanning tunnelling spectroscopy study of two separate superconductors now links the tunnelling mode with the ‘neutron resonance’, both of which vanish when superconductivity disappears.

Activation of C–C bonds is a powerful method for directly functionalizing organic molecules, but is still a challenging task. Here, the authors show that N-heterocyclic carbenes can activate the C–C bonds in cyclic ketones, allowing the enantioselective formation of lactams.

It is known that the spin-excitation spectrum of the undoped parents of iron-pnictide superconductors contains a pronounced magnon peak, but it is unclear whether this survives doping into the superconducting state. Schmitt et al.report resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectra that suggest it does.

Selective functionalization of aromatic compounds is important in synthetic chemistry. Here the authors report anN-heterocyclic carbene-catalysed approach for enantioselectively converting ortho-hydroxyaldehydes to cyclic products, via activation of both phenol and aldehyde groups.

Enantioenriched α-aryl propionic acids are an important class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Here the authors use a visible-light-promoted photoredox/nickel catalyzed method to form such compunds via a three-component alkyl arylation of acrylates.

A global analysis of hydraulic traits in 1,922 woody plant species shows that wind speed has substantial effects on key traits related to plant water transport, independently of other climatic factors.

Designing promoters with desired properties is crucial in synthetic biology. Here, authors introduce DeepSEED, an AI-aided flanking sequence optimisation framework which combines expert knowledge with deep learning techniques to efficiently design promoters in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

The sequencing and assembly of the highly polymorphic oyster genome through a combination of short reads and fosmid pooling, complemented with extensive transcriptome analysis of development and stress response and proteome analysis of the shell, provides new insight into oyster biology and adaptation to a highly changeable environment.

Selectively extracting U(VI) from seawater is challenging. Here, authors propose a dynamically matched spatial coordination strategy to improve the extraction of U(VI). With the size-matching and the spatial coordination, uranium species are precisely captured in confined coordination space.

In this study, Chen and colleagues present genomic sequences of 102 SARS-CoV-2 isolates collected in Beijing. They look closely at genomic variation between isolates that arose as a result of domestic and global transmission. Their data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 genomes have a high mutational tolerance, which may have potential implications for the development of vaccines.

Prostate cancers (PCa) are characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here the authors identify a subset of iron-loaded cancer-associated fibroblasts secreting myeloid cell-associated proteins and driving immunosuppression in PCa.

Kim and colleagues perform a phase 2 clinical trial (ELM-2) of odronextamab monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma and report on the primary analyses of the efficacy and safety profile.

According to a neutron-scattering study of the structural and magnetic properties of the pnictide CeFeAsO_1−xF_x, the phase diagram of this material shows considerable similarities with the high-T_c cuprate superconductors. These results are an important addition to the effort to find out where superconductivity in these iron–arsenic alloys arises.

The combination of bulk momentum-space and local real-space probes shows that superconductivity and antiferromagnetism in an electron-doped copper oxide superconductor coexist and compete on a nanometre scale, with electronic spin excitations that are probably involved in the superconducting pairing mechanism.

A core genome multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme is developed for Acinetobacter pittii, a bacterial species linked to nosocomial infections, which has the potential to aid in genetic characterisation, evolution, and tracing the spread of this pathogen.

Dingoes evolved in isolation from both their domesticated and wild ancestors. Here, the authors investigate the genomic basis of the feralization of dingoes and trace their origin to domestic dogs that migrated to Australia approximately 8300 years ago.

A Bessel vortex modulated metalens is used for wide-band, multiple-order radial differential operations by presetting the order of the corresponding Bessel vortex. This enables synchronous spatial differential operations, with applications in optical data processing, machine vision and bio-imaging.

A metasurface consisting of merely four nanopillars at the wavelength scale is sufficient to generate a high-quality vortex beam.

Here the authors show that arbovirus vector competence of Aedes mosquitoes is modulated by the midgut microbiota and identify the metabolite sphingosine from the gut symbiotic bacterium Enterobacter hormaechei_B17 (Eh_B17) as a factor mediating resistance to ZIKV and DENV infection.