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A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

Prostate cancers (PCa) are characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here the authors identify a subset of iron-loaded cancer-associated fibroblasts secreting myeloid cell-associated proteins and driving immunosuppression in PCa.

This study identifies Basal-B cells as a transient cell state during prostate homeostasis and androgen-mediated regeneration. These cells exist in humans and increase in number with prostatitis and inflammation.

Currently, there is limited understanding of the molecular subtypes of fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, the authors employ integrated genomics and transcriptomics to develop a CpG site-specific methylation signature for the identification of FH-deficient RCC, and to identify three distinct molecular subtypes for this rare but highly lethal kidney cancer.

Polydienes are essential in industry but rely on a complex synthesis involving catalysts and solvents. Now it is shown that photo-melt-bulk polymerization enables the solvent- and catalyst-free synthesis of controlled high-molecular-weight polydienes by combining chain growth and the coupling of stable biradicals, advancing sustainable materials development.

Real-time road damage detection is crucial for public transportation management. Here, authors present a lightweight neural network framework that enables efficient surface distress recognition on mobile devices for transportation engineering.

High-power laser lighting requires stable phosphor-in-glass films, but conventional sintering damages phosphors. Here, the authors develop infrared annealing which enables seconds-scale fabrication, minimizes interfacial damage and retains luminescence.

The acetylene hydrogenation activity and stability of a palladium single-atom catalyst are both controlled by the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the oxide support.

Unveiling structure-activity correlations is essential in catalysis science. Here, the authors report the structural evolution of Ni-based pre-catalysts during the reaction and demonstrate how sub-nanometric variations affect catalytic performance in the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction.

Genomic analyses of Citrus species including haplotype-resolved genomes of Citrus sinensis and Citrus aurantium highlight the origin of sweet orange and provide a strategy for de novo domestication of perennial crops.

Hyperbolic polaritons provide unprecedented control over light-matter interaction at extreme nanoscales. Here, the authors propose type-I hyperbolic metasurfaces supporting highly-squeezed magnetic designer polaritons with negative group velocity, which are magnetic analogs of hyperbolic polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride.

Here, the authors show that a single mutation in JN.1 spike, L455S, confers better spike cleavage and enhances virus infectivity in differentiated primary human nasal epithelial cells while increasing immune evasiveness, contributing to the efficient spread of JN.1.

Electrochemical cross-electrophile coupling with alkyl halides for the construction of C(sp³)–C(sp³) bonds is generally limited to activated alkyl halides. Now this approach is extended to coupling of unactivated alkyl halides using a nickel catalyst under mild conditions.

Free-standing nitrogen-doped amorphous monolayer carbon consisting of mixed five-, six- and seven-membered rings was prepared through the polymerization of pyrrole within the confined interlayer cavity of a removable layered-double-hydroxide template.

Presence of nano-bubbles within an atomically thin material generates potentially large pseudo-magnetic fields. Here, the authors report an innovative technique to induce nano-bubbles in graphene with desirable features and high precision through energized AFM tips, and experimentally measure three-fold symmetric pseudo-magnetic fields up to 120 T.

Si-based all-solid-state batteries face application challenges due to the requirement of high external pressure. Here, authors prepare a double-layered Si-based electrode by cold-pressing and electrochemical sintering that enables all-solid-state batteries operating free from external pressure.

A reverse osmosis membrane synthesized via a vapour–solid interfacial reaction demonstrates high permselectivity and exhibits good anti-fouling performance, providing a simple and effective methylation approach to enhancing membrane-fouling resistance.

Thrombosis and inflammation coexist in many diseases, however, there is lack of treatments targeting both pathologies. This study reports a novel antibody against blood factor XII, which bears a promise to treat broad thrombo-inflammatory disorder.

Deep vein thrombosis after trauma (pt-DVT) patients undergo metabolic changes but a comprehensive characterization in humans is lacking. Here the authors integrate metabolome and proteome to reveal pt-DVT-related metabolic alterations and their function, and reveal potential biomarkers.

GPRC5D is an atypical Class C orphan GPCR and an attractive target for therapeutic interventions. Here, the authors present the cryo-EM structure of the human GPRC5D and scFv complex, and elucidate the precise antibody binding mode and recpetor dimerization interface.

The imbalance in structural tension between crystalline materials and surfactant micelles makes the synthesis of crystalline mesoporous metal–organic frameworks (meso-MOFs) challenging. Now single-crystalline meso-MOFs featuring ordered mesopores have been prepared through the assembly of surfactant micelles and subunits of crystalline MOFs—a process co-mediated by strong and weak acids.

This study reports on biologically sourced polymuconate polymers with weakened C–C backbone bonds, designed for closed-loop chemical recycling to monomers. Synthesized via free-radical polymerization, these materials achieve tunable mechanical properties comparable to those of commercial plastics. A techno-economic analysis shows that recycling significantly reduces costs and environmental impacts, enhancing the competitiveness of these polymers in the sustainable plastics market.

Quantum speed limits are fundamental constraints on the speed of quantum state evolution. Here, the authors observe the known maximal quantum speed limits for few and many-body states on a superconducting quantum processor and identify the minimal quantum speed limits, which are less common than maximal ones.

Tumour cell behaviour is an underdeveloped target for cancer intervention. Here the authors report on a spatiotemporal interaction between tumour cells and osteoclasts in initial bone metastases and propose a behaviour-targeting therapy with an in situ physical killing strategy.

Proof of concept of the viability of a plant-derived photosynthetic system based on nanothylakoid units encapsulated in a chondrocyte membrane to enhance cell anabolism in chondrocytes is demonstrated.

Manual injection, which remains low-throughput and labor-intensive, is a technical bottleneck for large-scale genetic studies of C. elegans. Here, the authors report a robotic microinjection system which facilitates injection speed while maintaining injection quality which is comparable to experienced experts.

Recent studies have reported the exceptional plasticity of InSe van der Waals crystals, but their deformation-correlated lattice dynamics remains unexplored. Here, the authors investigate the correlations of plastic interlayer slip, lattice anharmonicity and thermal transport in β-InSe crystals via neutron scattering techniques.

Neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy represents a therapeutic option for resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here the authors report the results of a phase II trial of neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin in resectable locally advanced HNSCC.

The occupied anti-bonding states at the Fermi level in metavalently bonded systems stems from the interplay between metavalent bonds and the phase of orbitals. This provides a recipe for identifying superior dopants to improve the thermoelectric performance of metavalently bonded materials.

This study identifies a decadal link between sea surface temperatures off Western Australia and the western-central tropical Pacific that has emerged since 1985. Driven by external forcings and the rapid changes in the Indo-Pacific warm pool, it may impact future climate.

Temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma is associated with MGMT overexpression. Here, the authors identify a lncRNA that is a competitive endogenous RNA for miR-20b-3p, which causes c-Met activation to modulate acetylation of histone H3 on MGMT promoter through Stat3/p300 complex to increase MGMT expression and temozolomide resistance.

cGAS senses viral DNA and forms cytosolic cGAS-DNA granules to mediate anti-DNA viral signaling pathway. Here the authors show that PCBP2 interacts with cGAS and antagonizes condensation of cGAS-DNA granules, thus maintaining host immune homeostasis.

Catalysis with non-precious metals presents many advantages including ease of availability, security of supply and low cost. Here, the authors report a metal–organic framework with cobalt or iron sites for use as single-site solid catalysts in a number of chemoselective reactions.

Conventional alkaline and neutral CO₂-to-CH₄ systems suffer carbon loss, and recovering the lost carbon requires input energy exceeding the heating value of CH₄. Here, the authors report a chelating strategy to obtain Cu-N/O single sites decorated Cu clusters, which enables energy- and carbon-efficient CH₄ electroproduction in an acidic system.

The ability of animals to respond to life-threatening stimuli is critical for survival, yet the neural circuits mediating innate defensive behaviors are not well understood. Here, the authors reveal a novel collicular–thalamic–amygdala circuit critical for innate defensive responses to visual threats.

Interorgan communications play key roles in the regulation of whole-body energy metabolism. Here, the authors report the myokine Musclin as a negative regulator of beige adipose thermogenesis and systemic energy homeostasis through Tfr1/PKA signalling mediated muscle fat crosstalk.

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a major etiological agent of swine infectious diseases responsible for significant economic losses in the swine industry. The authors report the structures of the PRV A-capsid and C-capsid, shedding light on PRV’s assembly mechanism.

Researchers demonstrate the high-coherence parallelization in integrated photonics. Their high-coherence, high-power, multiwavelength light source drives a silicon photonic link with a 60 Tbit/s data rate and significantly reduces digital signal processing consumption.

Mesozoic deformation of the North China Craton occurred via lithospheric thickening followed by thinning and extension triggered by flat-slab subduction and rollback, according to four-dimensional mantle flow models of the plate–mantle system.