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The immunomodulatory functions of mast cells (MCs) within the tumor microenvironment are elusive. Here, the authors present a transcriptomic characterization of LUAD-infiltrating MCs and identify a proinflammatory subset that contributes to the activation of cytotoxic MAIT cells by secreting IL-18 via NRLP3 activation and pyroptosis, ultimately boosting anti-tumor immunity.

Advanced membranes for industrial-scale water electrolysis hold promise yet pose challenges. Here, the authors report a two-step casting and phase separation strategy to design a composite membrane with differentially structured pores that combines ion transport and gas barrier functions.

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-sized particles from Gram-negative bacteria, critical yet hard to identify in biological samples. Here, the authors show a method using a Polymyxin B-fluorescein probe to selectively label and quantify OMVs, distinguishing them from other vesicles for precise bacterial infection diagnosis.

The CAPItello-291 phase 3 study reported that capivasertib (an AKT inhibitor) and fulvestrant (a selective estrogen receptor degrader) improved progression free survival in patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Here, the authors report the results of an extended Chinese cohort recruited as part of the original global CAPItello-291 study.

While CDK4/6 inhibitors have become standard of care in patients with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer (ABC), selecting the optimal inhibitor could improve care further. Here, the authors report planned interim analysis of the BRIGHT-2 study, a randomised phase 3 trial comparing bireociclib (CDK4/6i) and fulvestrant (ET) against placebo and fulvestrant in female HR + /HER2- ABC patients.

CDK4/6 inhibition is often effective for those with breast cancer but success is limited by adverse reactions. Here, the authors report a phase III randomised trial comparing fulvestrant (oestrogen receptor antagonist) with or without lerociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor) for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative, endocrine-resistant advanced breast cancer.

In this study, the authors perform an interactome study of Zika virus (ZIKV) 5’UTR stem-loop B region and identify two host factors, interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 (ILF3) and DEAH-box helicase 9 (DHX9), that positively regulate antiviral RNAi to inhibit virus replication and ZIKV-induced microcephaly in vivo.

In this phase 3 trial, first-line treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with anti-PD-1 finotonlimab plus cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (C5F) prolonged overall survival compared with placebo plus C5F.

In this prespecified analysis of the ongoing TORCHLIGHT phase 3 trial, first-line treatment with toripalimab and nab-paclitaxel in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer led to significantly longer progression-free survival in the PD-L1-positive population compared to nab-paclitaxel alone.

In-sensor computing can improve the efficiency of target detection and signal processing. Here, the authors report an in-sensor computing camera based on multi-dimensional reconfigurable array detector, which can achieve multiple visual functions with high photon utilization.

The development of artificial vision for blind people has been a long-standing endeavour. Tang et al. create a wearable multimodal visual assistance system with a human-centred design, blending software and hardware innovations to enhance usability.

A neuroimaging tool, TACOS, was developed to transform network-based statistics across brain structural and functional networks from different atlases. Using TACOS, connectomic findings could be easily combined or compared without handling raw data.

Kim and colleagues perform a phase 2 clinical trial (ELM-2) of odronextamab monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma and report on the primary analyses of the efficacy and safety profile.

In the multicenter, phase 3 DAWNA-1 trial, the combination of dalpiciclib, a new cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor, with fulvestrant, in patients with HR⁺HER2⁻ advanced breast cancer who progressed or relapsed on endocrine therapy, improved progression-free survival with manageable safety and may represent a new treatment option.

Multi-modal foundation models are increasingly important in medical applications. Here, authors show a masked contrastive chest X-ray model that achieves fine-grained image understanding and zero-shot capabilities, outperforming existing methods

The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder are unclear. Here, the authors report cell type- and cortical layer-specific gene expression changes and identify one microglia subpopulation associated with depressive-like behavior in female non-human primates.

In optimally doped Nd_0.8Sr_0.2NiO₂H epitaxial film, combined state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical approaches show abundant hydrogen with zero resistivity, and its critical role in superconductivity in epitaxial infinite-layer nickelates.

Achieving hybrid magnetic actuation, energy transfer and somatosensory actuation functions in soft electromagnetic devices is a challenge. Here, Zhang et. al. present a hybrid core-sheath fiber and use a one-step coaxial printing method to create complex 2D/3D structures with multimodal functionalities.

The relationship between the strain rate and micro-scale deformation in metals is still poorly understood. Here the authors use discrete dislocation dynamics and molecular dynamics to establish a universal relationship between material strength, dislocation density, strain rate and dislocation mobility in fcc metals.

N⁶-methyladenosine RNA and its reader YTHDC1 serve as a bridge to silencing retrotransposons through the RNA derived from these retrotransposons in mouse ES cells.

Cancer prognosis using multiregion sampling is costly and not completely reliable due to the required biomarker homogenisation step. Here, the authors develop an intratumor graph neural network for prognosis in multiregion cancer samples based on in situ biomarkers and gene expression that does not need homogenisation.

A noise-tolerant LiDAR approaching the standard quantum-limited precision through photon-number resolving detection and active photon-number filter.

Brassica napus is a globally important oil crop, but the origin of the allotetraploid genome and its improvement process are largely unknown. Here, the authors take a population genetic approach to resolve its origin and evolutionary history, and identify candidate genes related to important agricultural traits.

Therapeutic administration of IL-27—serum levels of which are decreased in individuals with obesity—improves thermogenesis, protects against diet-induced obesity and ameliorates insulin resistance in mouse models of obesity.

A whole monkey brain is imaged at high resolution in 100 hours.

The role of enhancer variants in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) predisposition remains unknown. Here, the authors perform a genome-wide survey of HCC-susceptible enhancer variants in 11,958 individuals, identify rs73613962 within the intronic region of PRMT7 and find that PRMT7 upregulation predisposes to HCC.

Extracellular vesicles encapsulating mRNA encoding for extracellular-matrix collagen and delivered intradermally via microneedles led to the replacement of collagen in the dermis of mice with photoaged skin.

Volumetric additive manufacturing of protein scaffolds has a wide range of possible biomedical applications. Here the authors report on the bioprinting of unmodified silk sericin and silk fibroin inks with shape-memory and tuneable mechanical properties and demonstrate the potential of the inks in different applications.