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Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

COPD patients are more likely to also have diabetes. Here the authors show that the use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with reduced all-cause mortality, hospitalization, acute exacerbations, and pneumonia in patients with COPD and diabetes.

A rare variation in the promoter of qRBG1/OsBZR5 is associated with larger rice grains. OsBZR5 is found to negatively regulate grain size in rice, a biological role opposite to other OsBZR members. A regulatory module of OsGSK2–qRBG1–OsBZR1–D2–OFP1 is further revealed.

Kersting’s groundnut is an underutilised crop that is locally important, tolerant to drought and critical to food security. Here, the authors report its genome assembly, population genetics analyses, and candidate genes for seed coat colour.

The immunomodulatory functions of mast cells (MCs) within the tumor microenvironment are elusive. Here, the authors present a transcriptomic characterization of LUAD-infiltrating MCs and identify a proinflammatory subset that contributes to the activation of cytotoxic MAIT cells by secreting IL-18 via NRLP3 activation and pyroptosis, ultimately boosting anti-tumor immunity.

Rat hepatitis E virus (HEV) can infect humans, but the extent of spillover isn’t well studied. Here the authors develop a serological test that distinguishes exposure to rat HEV from other HEV infection and show substantial spillover in a biodiversity hotspot in China. The method can support surveillance of rat HEV.

Nanoplastics are a concern for health and safety. Here, the authors show polystyrene nanoplastics disrupt intestinal integrity and gut microbiota composition by altering microRNA expression in extracellular vesicles, highlight a potential pathway through which nanoplastic exposure affects gut health.

This study reveals how 3D genome architecture and super-enhancers coordinate transcriptional programs that drive muscle fiber-type specification and transformation through STARD7 and epigenetic remodeling.

Acetylation is a posttranscriptional modification widely distributed across RNA types. Here, the authors uncover the role of tRNA ac⁴C12 for translational efficiency and tRNA quality control in both normal and heat stress conditions in mammalian cells.

Dysregulated R-loops can compromise genome stability, leading to pathological consequences. Li et al. demonstrate that R-loop-induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 activation orchestrates exonuclease 3′–5′ ___domain-containing 2-mediated R-loop resolution, thereby safeguarding genomic integrity.

CNS injuries cause persistent deficits. Here, the authors show that regenerated axons in an optic tract injury model form functional synapses, restoring the pupillary light reflex, and highlight neuronal types and presynaptic activity in recovery.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

PAPD5 is responsible for adenylation of microRNAs. Here, the authors show that elevated level of PAPD5 enhances the adenylation and reduced expression of miR-7-5p. As a result, expression of TAB2, a target of miR-7-5p, is induced triggering neuronal apoptosis in Huntington’s disease.

Metal-free catalysts offer a sustainable option for water oxidation but typically underperform compared to metal-based ones. Here, the authors report an all-organic catalyst that uses a rare oxide pathway to achieve high efficiency and long-term stability, comparable to metal-based systems.

Li et al. demonstrate the critical role of skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) in actively shaping their niche in dystrophic muscle through YY1-CCL5-CCR5 axis mediated cellular interaction with macrophages.

Endothelin-1 activation after SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to vascular permeability, chondrocyte senescence, osteoclast activation and cyst formation in affected joints of hamsters, which can be alleviated using macitentan. Joint injury was also seen in two patients after COVID-19 infection.

Epigenetic markers are potential biomarkers for diabetes and related complications. Here, the authors identify CpG sites associated with kidney function and its subsequent decline using both single-site and multisite analyses, which are shown to have functional significance in the kidney.

Divergent catalytic asymmetric reactions for the selective formation of C(sp3)−H insertion and formal C(sp3)−O insertion products from the same precursors are rarely explored. Here, the authors report a ligand-controlled divergent asymmetric C(sp3)–H insertion and formal C(sp3)–O insertion reaction via vinyl cations, leading to the assembly of a range of chiral spiro and fused polycyclic pyrroles.

Phase-switchable preparation of two-dimensional WS₂ is achieved through an electrochemical Li⁺ intercalation-based exfoliation strategy. A low discharge current density with high cutoff voltage produces pure semiconducting 2H phase WS₂ bilayers, while a higher discharge current density with a lower cutoff voltage favours semimetallic 1T′ phase WS₂ monolayers.

Lee et al. demonstrate that Ginkgolide B treatment extends lifespan and enhances healthspan in female mice, including a reduction in tumor incidence, enhancement in muscle quality and function and suppression of systemic inflammation and senescence.

Faecal metagenomes and machine learning reveal a panel of 31 multikingdom microbiome markers and microbiome functions that are associated with autism spectrum disorder in male and female children.

A deep-learning model can accurately quantify circulating tumour DNA from the density distribution of cell-free DNA-fragment lengths in plasma from patients with cancer and from healthy individuals.

Composite metal contacts deposited under high-vacuum conditions can be used to create molybdenum disulfide field-effect transistors with low contact resistance and a contacted poly pitch of just 60 nm.

Structurally convergent antibodies targeting the conserved influenza HA anchor epitope have provided a template for next-generation vaccine development. The authors identified four anchor antibodies encoded by diverse germline genes with broad neutralizing activity against influenza H1N1 viruses.

Undefined vacuole-like ultrastructures between epididymal cells have been observed. Here, the authors reveal that these structures contain organelle residues and protein aggregates that suggest a reservoir for protein recycling.

Gestational diabetes milletus (GDM) may have impairments on offspring health. Here, the authors suggest that the increase of EZH2 is an important reason for the disrupted DNA methylome in oocytes exposed to GDM, which may be associated with the transgenerational inheritance of the metabolic disorders.

Here, the authors show a causal role for gut bacteria-derived metabolites tryptamine and phenethylamine in contributing to insulin resistance and the development of metabolic syndrome in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

Understanding genetic drivers of insulin resistance is crucial for addressing metabolic disorders. Here, the authors show associations involving GCKR, MLXIPL, APOA5, and APOC1, highlighting adipose tissue-specific impacts in Taiwanese individuals.

A living passivation strategy enables dynamic self-healing of perovskite solar cells to ensure device performance and stability on exposure to heat or moisture.

Conventional flash memory devices are voltage driven and found to be unsafe for confidential data storage. Here, the authors propose a light driven, rewritable photonic flash memory device based on upconversion nanocrystals with a high ON/OFF ratio and long retention time.

There is still no consensus on tumour type-specific cancer stem cell markers. Here, the authors demonstrate that ITGA7 is a potential functional marker of oesophageal cancer stem cells involved in the resistance to chemotherapy and metastasis through activation of FAK-mediated signalling.

Antibodies targeting sclerostin can ameliorate postmenopausal osteoporosis but present some cardiovascular risk. Here the authors show that the cardiovascular and skeletal effects of sclerostin are mediated by different loops, suggesting ways to preserve the positive effects on bone formation while avoiding the negative cardiovascular consequences.