Search

Multi-species acute systemic toxicity assessment is fundamental for chemical classification, labelling and risk management. Here, the authors propose a machine learning paradigm, Adjoint Correlation Learning, yielding significant improvements for data-scarce endpoints and offering a useful computational tool for regulatory applications.

HiScanner, a tool for identification of copy number alterations from single cell whole-genome sequencing data, uncovers cell-type-specific somatic mosaicism in human brain and offers a way to track clonal evolution at the single cell resolution.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Stereoselective synthesis of tetrahydro-βcarboline skeletons have immense impacts and attract enormous attention. Here, the authors report chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, affording three types of chiral tetrahydro-β-carbolines bearing continuous multi-chiral centers and quaternary chiral centers.

By inducing a transformation in a manganese-rich cation-disordered rocksalt, partially ordered spinels with nanomosaic domains of 3–7 nm in size can be obtained, which exhibit high energy density and rate capability at an average particle size of 3–5 µm.

The ectoenzyme CD73 is often elevated in tumour environments and targeting this protein is a tumour therapeutic target. Here the authors characterise a therapeutic anti-CD73 antibody cocktail which is more effective than either antibody alone and suggest a molecular mechanism of how this antibody cocktail functions.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by gastrectomy is considered standard of care for locally advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancers. Here the authors report the results of a phase 2 trial of neoadjuvant sintilimab (anti-PD1) plus chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced G/GEJ tumors.

Using large-scale multimodal retinal and brain imaging data, the authors map eye-brain connections and uncover underlying genetic factors, suggesting the retina as a window into brain structure, function, and disorders.

The Clivias are a series of small, monomeric fluorescent RNAs that emit with a large Stokes shift in the orange–red. They enable multiplexed RNA imaging in live cells and BRET-based detection of protein–RNA interactions in mice.

This work leverages the capabilities of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) for quantum many-body calculations. By designing appropriate schemes for Monte Carlo and tensor network methods, the authors utilize FPGAs’ parallel processing power and implement hardware acceleration for two algorithms.

Gene modules are widespread and important for studying cancer. Here, authors propose an explainable deep learning-based framework, CGMega, which incorporates multi-omics information from the three-dimensional genome, epigenome, and protein-protein interactions to dissect cancer gene modules.

Congenital vertebral malformation has a complex genetic architecture that isn’t fully understood. Here, the authors explore the genetic architecture of congenital vertebral malformation through case-control rare variant genetic analyses and embryonic transcriptome analyses of the developing spine.

Hypoxia induces d-serine production by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which inhibits mTORC1 and T-bet expression to restrict downstream CD8⁺ T cell immune responses and macrophage activation, and inhibit control of tuberculosis in mice.

TAD hierarchy demonstrates cell-to-cell variability, leading to the development of numerous callers. Here, authors present a comprehensive benchmark of TAD hierarchy callers and introduce the ‘air conditioner’ model to illustrate TAD hierarchy’s role in transcription.

The conserved HEAT repeat protein HPO-27 is identified as a lysosome scission factor in Caenorhabditis elegans, and the human homologue MROH1 also serves the same function to maintain lysosomal homeostasis.

Huang et al. report the tertiary structure of a small monomeric fluorogenic RNA aptamer named Clivia, characterized by a large Stokes shift, revealing the fluorescence activation mechanism and enabling a multivalent design to enhance the fluorescence output at specific dye concentrations.

Templating method holds great promise for fabricating surface nanopatterns. Here authors present a guiding growth mode using metal-organic framework microparticles as templates during metal electrodeposition, where metals exclusively grow underneath the microparticles.

H3K9me3 is an epigenetic barrier to the reprogramming of somatic cells to a totipotent state during somatic cell nuclear transfer. Here, the authors uncover molecular mechanisms regulating H3K9me3 modifications in this process.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a reversible mRNA modification with important roles in cancer biology and immunoregulation. Here, the authors show that myeloid-specific deletion of Mettl3, the catalytic subunit of the methyltransferase complex, promotes tumor growth and metastasis in preclinical tumor models, influencing macrophage reprogramming and attenuating PD-1 blockade.

Rational design of the morphology of inorganic microstructures is challenging. Now an electrochemical method is reported for designing the morphology of inorganic microarchitectures via programming of the potential waveforms applied during microstructure growth. These microstructures have potential application as SERS sensors.

A stable, low-temperature water–gas shift catalyst is achieved by crowding platinum atoms and clusters on α-molybdenum carbide; the crowding protects the support from oxidation that would cause catalyst deactivation.

Here, the authors use single-molecule long-read sequencing to decipher the role of structural variations in high-altitude adaptation, finding evidence that an intergenic deletion down-regulates EPAS1 by disrupting a super-enhancer.

Here the authors find that farrerol directly binds to UCHL3 and activates its deubiquitinase activity, and that farrerol promotes development of SCNT embryos by enhancing HR repair and restoring epigenetic networks in a UCHL3-dependent manner.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis suppresses the production of inflammatory cytokines by host cells through the host-mediated ubiquitination of a mycobacterial protein, enhancing the interaction of a host signalling inhibitor with another signalling molecule.

The organisation of chromatin in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos remains poorly understood. Here, the authors examine higher order chromatin structures of mouse SCNT embryos and provide insights into chromatin architecture reorganisation during SCNT embryo development.

We introduce a major scientific endeavour called π-HuB (proteomic navigator of the human body), its aim being to generate and harness multimodality proteomic datasets to enhance our understanding of human biology.

Embedded within the complexity of biological systems lies a formidable task: deciphering the intricate architecture of macromolecules. In this Viewpoint, a panel of experts discuss the key challenges and opportunities of macromolecular structure determination, highlighting the crucial synergy between empirical experimentation and artificial intelligence-based techniques in unravelling these complexities.

In this work, authors mechanistically investigate the reduced induction of antimicrobial peptides in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected macrophages.

A meta-analysis using the Burden of proof method reported consistent evidence supporting harmful associations between smoking and 28 different health outcomes.

There is no noninvasive solution for tPAresistant thrombi as the mechanism remains obscure. Here, the authors show a constructed ultrasound-responsive theranostic platform for real-time monitoring and efficient thrombolysis by breaking the keychain in tPA-resistant thrombi.

Tumor associated macrophages (TAM) are playing an active role in tumor immune evasion in multiple cancer type. Here authors show that CD276 expression by TAMs may underpin this immune-suppressive role via promoting efferocytosis and suppressing MHC class II expression, which result in decreased CD4+ and CD8 + T cell infiltration.

Oxides with a face-centred cubic anion sublattice are generally not considered as solid-state electrolytes. Li superionic conductivity in face-centred cubic oxides with face-sharing Li configurations have now been created through cation over-stoichiometry in rocksalt-type lattices via excess Li.

Single-cell, multiomic datasets are integrated using dimensionality reduction, imputation and batch correction.

Soft clay-like superionic conductors are integral for realising all-solid-state batteries. Here the authors provide fundamental insights into how a soft clay-like Li-superionic conductor, and soft clays in general can be created from a rigid-salts mixture.

Na Super Ionic Conductor (NASICON) materials are an important class of solid-state electrolytes. Here, authors combine calculations, experimental synthesis and testing, and text-mined historical data on NASICON ionic conductivity to understand how composition influences the Na-ion conductivity.

A meta-analysis using the Burden of Proof method reported consistent evidence supporting harmful associations between exposures to secondhand smoke and nine health outcomes.

Gate-type field emission cathodes based on carbon nanotubes face challenges of achieving high E-beam transmittance to avoid the collision with the gate to form irreversible damages. Here, the authors present a self-charging gate to control the E-beam trajectory by inducing a local electric field.

The versatility and importance of β,γ-unsaturated ketones has been appreciated for a long time in synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Here, the authors use carboxylic acids and readily available olefins as substrates for transformations involving N‑heterocyclic carbene catalysis, hydrogen atom transfer catalysis, and photoredox catalysis for the synthesis of β,γ-unsaturated ketones.

Copper-based catalysts are traditionally very effective for the hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol, although control over the active site has remained elusive. Here, the authors design a Cu₁/ZrO₂ single-atom catalyst featuring a Cu₁–O₃ site responsible for a remarkable performance at 180 °C.

Genetic risk loci for tuberculosis (TB) have so far been identified in African and Russian populations. Here, the authors perform a three-stage GWAS for TB in Han Chinese populations and find two risk loci near ESRRB and TGM6 and further demonstrate that tgm6 protects mice from Mtb infection.