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Preliminary results from an investigator-initiated clinical trial showed that an AAV-OTOF gene therapy was safe and led to hearing improvements in ten patients with congenital deafness with 6–12 months of follow-up, including in a teenager and a young adult, expanding the age range from previous trials.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

By engineering the eukaryotic-derived Fanzor2-ωRNA system, Wei, Gao, Pan, Li and Chen developed a compact genome editor enNlovFz2, which demonstrated efficient genome-editing activity in vitro and in vivo, with a broad target-adjacent motif scope.

In two independent studies, Song et al. and Jiang, Dalgarno et al. present computational frameworks, perturbation-response score and Mixscale, respectively, to determine individual cellular variation in response to perturbation.

Insulinomas develop from pancreatic β-cells and secrete insulin, but the underlying genetic defects are largely unknown. In this study, Cao et al. identify recurrent T372R mutations in the transcription factor YY1, and validate this hotspot mutation in 30% of insulinomas.

Knock-in mice conditionally or constitutively expressing Cas12 variants enable a wide range of ex vivo and in vivo applications requiring multiplexed genome engineering.

Guan et al. identify a male gametocyte-specific RNA-binding protein RBPm1 in the malaria parasite. RBPm1 controls the intron splicing of axonemal genes. RBPm1- deficient parasites fail to assemble the axoneme for male gametogenesis and thus mosquito transmission of Plasmodium.

Here, the authors report the direct growth of periodic arrays of 2D semiconductor ribbons by exploiting the step edges of high-miller-index Au facets, showing potential for 2D electronic devices. The synthesized ribbons could also be merged to obtain wafer-scale single-crystal monolayers.

Neurons in cochlear nucleus are highly specialized for neural coding of sounds. Here, authors show all cochlear nucleus cell types are defined by distinct transcriptomic profiles, thus uncovering the molecular logic driving cellular specialization.

The electron-hole compensation hinders the magneto-Seebeck coefficient of topological semimetals. Here, authors report simultaneous high longitudinal and transverse thermopowers in a TaAs₂ single crystal by a multipocket synergy strategy.

The FarmGTEx Project aims to understand genetic control of gene activity under diverse biological and environmental contexts in domestic animals, providing a foundation for improving animal precision breeding, adaptation and human health.

Pseudotyping messenger RNA-packaging virus-like particles with a glycoprotein recognizing a surface protein on dendritic cells led to higher humoral and adaptive immune responses in mice.

Here, the authors report the realization of room-temperature broadband mid-infrared detectors based on a van der Waals heterostructure with a vertical transport channel, exhibiting specific detectivity and response times comparable or superior to those of commercial cooled HgCdTe photodetectors.

Nanozymes used for antibacterial therapy conventionally have complex catalytic activities that cause multiple pathways in parallel and unwanted outcome. Here, the authors report a Cu-CeO₂ single site nanozyme in which Cu single site modification can enhance the peroxidase-like activity and inhibit the hydroxyl radical antioxidant capacity of CeO₂ to optimise the antibacterial effects.

Using simultaneous quadruple-to-octuple whole-cell recordings in rat sensorimotor cortex and testing over 14,000 putative synaptic connections between over 8,000 cells, Jiang and colleagues identify two new multi-layer disynaptic interneuronal circuits. Functionally, these two circuits either inhibit or disinhibit the initiation of complex spikes in the apical dendrite of layer 5 pyramidal cells.

The development of fluorescent polymer hydrogels without the use of extended pi-conjugation is challenging. Here, the authors report the use of clustering-trigger emission to give red fluorescence on boiling polymer hydrogels, with tuneable emission properties.

A cryogenic electron microcopy study of structures of a human receptor for bitter taste finds that cholesterol can activate the receptor, while the tastant molecule acts allosterically on the receptor.

Aqueous batteries with multivalent-ion storage chemistry offer higher theoretical capacity than monovalent-ion. Here, authors report divalent copper intercalation into vanadium disulfide with additional copper redox that provides higher capacity than intercalation transition metal redox alone.

Using cryogenic electron microscopy, Gao et al. uncovered how CFTRInh-172 inhibits CFTR function by binding in its pore and allosterically inhibiting its gating. Their findings could pave the way for structure-based drug design for the treatment of secretory diarrhea and polycystic kidney disease.

The neural mechanisms of memory consolidation during sleep are poorly understood. Here the authors show that isolated theta waves from nucleus reuniens initiate neural ensemble reactivation during sleep required for spatial memory consolidation.

Peach is an economically important fruit crop. Here, the authors carry out a large-scale population genomics analysis of peach, describing its demographic history as well as genes associated with domestication and edibility traits.

Tailored to provide diabetes management recommendations from large training and validation datasets, an artificial intelligence system integrating language and computer vision capabilities is shown to improve self-management of patients in a prospective implementation study.

Cortical activity is modulated by an intricate network of feedforward and feedback connectivity. Here the authors demonstrate distinct organizational rules govern feedback projections from lateral medial area to V1 versus projections from vibrissal M1 to vibrissal S1.

Genomic and phenomic screens of 827 wheat landraces from the A. E. Watkins collection provide insight into the wheat population genetic background, unlocking many agronomic traits and revealing haplotypes that could potentially be used to improve modern wheat cultivars.

Polyamide membranes with a hierarchical structure consisting of one-dimensional nanotubes on a two-dimensional nanofilm can deliver energy-efficient nanofiltration with outstanding water–ion separation performance. This architecture provides a promising approach to the synthesis of scalable and efficient mixed-dimensional water purification membranes.

A magnetic spin Hall effect is reported in the collinear antiferromagnet Mn₂Au.

Lactobacillus-based probiotics have been reported to be beneficial for colitis through incompletely understood mechanisms. Here the authors identify an uncharacterized secreted enzyme named LPH from multiple probiotic Lactobacillus strains, which protects female mice from chemically induced colitis and colorectal cancer via NOD2 signalling.

Chiral recognition of amino acids with luminescence, despite its advantages, is usually slow and lacks generality. Here, the authors demonstrate that L-phenylalanine derived benzamide can manifest the structural difference between the natural, left-handed amino acid and its right-handed counterpart via the difference in room-temperature phosphorescence, irrespective of the specific chemical structure.

Neural circuit mechanisms underlying prevention of hyperarousal in acute stress conditions are not fully understood. Here authors show GAD2-positive GABAergic neurons in the midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus constrain the increase of wakefulness to prevent hyperarousal in a mouse model of stress.

CD28 signaling motifs are sequestered within the membrane via interactions with phospholipids. TCR activation increases the local Ca²⁺ concentration, which disrupts CD28-lipid interactions.

Polyoxyanion compounds are alternative cathodes to conventional oxides, but their reliance on the transition metal redox limits the performance. Here the authors report an oxalate system which possesses additional polyanionic redox reactivity, suggesting a new direction for cathode materials design.

Layer 4 of the mammalian neocortex is important for cortical information processing but its cellular composition and local circuits remains elusive. The authors compared two primary sensory cortical areas of mice and found differences in cell composition and local connectivity.

The pilot phase of PigGTEx, re-analyzing 5,457 published RNA-seq samples, presents a pan-tissue catalog of molecular quantitative trait loci. Cross-species comparisons identify traits with shared genetic regulation in humans.

The mechanism of charge density wave formation has been hard to explain due to accompanying structural distortions. Now low-dimensional HfTe₂ is revealed to host a purely electronic exitonic charge density wave driven by reduced screening effects.

A reference-quality genome assembly of hexaploid oat variety ‘Sanfensan’ and genome assemblies of its diploid and tetraploid Avena ancestors provide insights into the evolutionary history of allohexaploid oat.

A family of single-atom catalysts synthesized by intercalating metal single atoms into the van der Waals gap of two-dimensional SnS₂ is reported. The materials are applied as hydrogen evolving catalysts with good durability and overpotential.

Machine learning has been applied to problems in condensed matter physics, but its performance in an experimental setting needs testing. Zhang et al. study the effects of adversarial perturbations on a neural-network-based topological phase classifier, applied to experimental data from an NV center in diamond.

Dipolar precipitation change in High Mountain Asia during summer is primarily driven by weakened westerly jet and decadal variations in the South Asian monsoon, and the dipolar pattern is projected to shift to a monopolar wetting trend in the 2040s.

The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network has constructed a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex in a landmark effort towards understanding brain cell-type diversity, neural circuit organization and brain function.

An introgression platform for transferring genetic variations of Aegilops tauschii to hexaploid wheat is established based on synthetic octoploid wheat. Combined with newly generated genome resources of A. tauschii, it represents a powerful tool for wheat gene discovery and breeding.