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The function and regulatory mechanism of mRNA acetylation modification in cancer progression remains largely unknown. Here the authors identify that targeting tumor N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) RNA acetyltransferase NAT10 improves anti-tumor response via MYC/CDK2/DNMT1/dsRNA/type I IFN pathway, and show the synergic anti-tumor effect of NAT10 inhibition with aPD-1.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

Fan et al. show that cTAGE5 is essential for adipogenesis and adipose tissue development. Mechanistically, cTAGE5 promotes pro-insulin receptor processing, which mediates actin cytoskeleton remodeling and lipolysis during the adipocyte differentiation.

Integrated optical frequency combs are powerful tools for optical spectroscopy. Here, authors demonstrate low-power, detectable-rate soliton microcombs from telecom to visible bands, including wavelength-multiplexed operation, using ultra-low-loss silicon nitride waveguides.

The methyltransferase OsPRMT6b is found to act as an ABA responsive factor to finely turn down ABA signaling via methylation of ABA receptor, thus facilitating growth recovery as high-temperature stress subsides.

Large language models (LLMs) can be useful tools for science, but they often lack expert understanding of complex domains that they were not trained on. Zhang and colleagues fine-tuned a LLaMA-2-7b-based LLM with questions on organic chemistry reactions.

Prions are infectious agents that initiate transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. The study demonstrates that Prion proteins lower cellular oxidative stress via GPX8, remodel membrane lipids, and together with RAC3, sensitize cells to ferroptotic death, highlighting new therapeutic targets in prion diseases.

Xue et al. develop a foundation model for spectral analysis. It excels in multiple tasks, such as denoising spectra and quantifying trace molecules, and is especially promising in identifying metabolic biomarkers of diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease and prostate cancer.

The heart relies on fatty acid oxidation as its main energy source. Here they show that impaired fatty acid metabolism disrupts mitophagy in the heart and that enhancing mitophagy via USP30 inhibition can restore heart function in models of fatty acid oxidation deficiency.

First-instar orchid mantis nymphs avoid predators by mimicking black-red assassin bugs, whereas those in later instars avoid predators and attract prey by camouflaging themselves as lighter-coloured flowers. Here the authors use developmental transcriptomics, evolutionary genomics and predation experiments to reveal that this ontogenetic colour change is regulated by a pigment transporter called Redboy that emerged in Polyneoptera 284–197 million years ago.

Here the authors report asperigimycins, fungal ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides with a heptacyclic scaffold. After chemically modifying them for nanomolar anticancer activity, CRISPR screening identifies SLC46A3 as a key transporter for their uptake in cells.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

Clinical approaches for cancer therapy face several interrelated challenges. Here, Xue et al. presented an integrated wearable flexible ultrasound microneedle patch that serves as a portable platform for convenient and minimally invasive cancer therapy.

Xiao, Dong, Xie, Feng et al. developed FRα-targeting chimeras (FRTACs) for targeted membrane protein degradation by conjugating multiple folate molecules to antibodies of targeted proteins. The folate polyvalency of FRTACs enables high affinity and potency of FRTACs in eliminating target proteins.

The transcription factor CREM is a pivotal regulator of NK cell function, making CREM a valuable target to increase the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies based on this cell population and chimeric antigen receptors.

Abnormal T cell proliferation often triggers autoimmune disorders. Here the authors show that T cell-specific deficiency of the enzyme N-acetyltransferase 10 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalitis potentially by RACK1-mediated regulation of T cell metabolism and expansion.

A soft mesh microelectrode array can seamlessly integrate in developing brains, enabling long-term, stable mapping of how single-neuron activity and population dynamics emerge and evolve during brain development.

Self-injection locking of an on-chip laser to a milimetre-scale vacuum-gap Fabry–Pérot cavity is demonstrated, with a phase noise of –97 dBc Hz^–1 at a 10-kHz offset frequency and a fractional frequency stability of 5 × 10⁻¹³ at 10 ms, enabling next-generation high-performance integrated systems.

Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome features non-motor dysfunctions such as anxiety. Here, authors show that the cerebellum projects to zona incerta through excitatory and inhibitory transmissions to modulate anxiety in a plasticity-dependent manner.

High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) has been identified to play a role in tumour progression but its involvement in anti-tumour immunity of esophagael squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Here the authors report that the inhibition of STING-mediated anti-tumour immunity by HMGA1 results in promotion of ESCC tumorigenesis.

The appropriate initiation and termination of behavioural action sequences is imperative, but the neural mechanisms underlying the learning and execution of fixed behavioural patterns are poorly understood. Here the authors reveal start/stop neuronal activity in basal ganglia circuits that emerge during task training in mice. Genetically altering these circuits disrupted the activity and impaired performance, providing evidence for a causal relationship between the specific neuronal activity and task learning.

Layers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are generally formed by covalently bonded atoms, enabling mechanical exfoliation only in the out-of-plane direction. Here, the authors show the fabrication of fractional 2/3-layers of WTe₂ and other TMDs by applying local scanning tunneling microscopy tip pulses and controllably removing the topmost chalcogen atoms.

Using multistate models, the authors examine the effects of loneliness and social isolation on the transition from a healthy state to cardiovascular disease, subsequent depression and death.

The roles of liver-specific genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain to be explored. Here the authors report that PGRMC1, localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, functions as a tumor suppressor in HCC by inhibiting c-Myc protein translation via activation of PERK independent of ER stress.

Molecular Borromean links are typically composed of trimeric macrocycles, but their construction with three cages remains scarce. Here, a bottom-up strategy is developed to achieve the rational and efficient construction of metallocage-based Borromean links.

Using two-point optical frequency division based on a frequency-agile single-mode dispersive wave, a microwave signal source with record-low phase noise using a microcomb is demonstrated, offering over tenfold lower phase noise than state-of-the-art approaches.

The immune response of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer remains low and new adjuvant targets are in demand. By in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 screening that targets membrane and secreted proteins genes, the authors identify that disrupting MBTPS1 in tumor cells upregulates STAT1-transcribed chemokines, promotes CXCR3⁺ CD8 T cells infiltration and potentiates anti-PD-1 therapy.

Many clinically important drugs belong to the class of non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs). Here authors develop a rational multi-target combination strategy for production enhancement, demonstrating improvements in the titers of daptomycin, thaxtomin A, and surfactin.

A plant kinase mediates symbiotic signalling and suppress host immunity to enable legume–rhizobium symbiosis.

This study highlights the role Polar regions as a limiting factor in global sustainability due to teleconnection effects, and then propose a SDG target, key indicators, and emphasize Indigenous inclusion and global action.

Holmium doping endows upconversion nanoparticles with a dual-reservoir-level mechanism for parallel photon avalanche emission, enabling tunable chromaticity at room temperature, nonlinearity index up to 22 and spatial resolution for multicolour biological imaging down to 78 nm.

Oxidative stress contributes significantly to postmenopausal osteoporosis by impairing osteoblast function, but its precise mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors show that estrogen deficiency reduces GPX4 expression, leading to phospholipid peroxidation that impairs osteoblastogenesis, while GPX4 activators including 6- and 8-Gingerols can mitigate these effects.

A Z-type ZnO@COF heterostructure composite with excellent piezoelectric properties was synthesized for the piezocatalytic uranium extraction from seawater, helping to realize efficient uranium extraction by wave energy

Biomimetic membranes can be used for various applications such as sensors and separations. Here, Chen et al. report the assembly of lipid-like peptoids into stable and self-repairing 2D membrane nanomaterials that change in thickness when under external stimuli.

Electrocardiogram is crucial for cardiovascular disease prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis. Here, the authors present a motion-unrestricted dynamic electrocardiogram system utilizing skin-conformal, imperceptible electronics for long-term, comfortable, and accurate 12-lead monitoring.

Heterocycles containing difluoromethyl groups are molecules with potential application in pharmaceutical, agricultural and materials science. Here, the authors show an organophotocatalytic difluoromethylation of heterocycles using O₂ as green oxidant and preliminarily study the products’ bioactivity.

Neural mechanisms underlying “pain inhibiting pain” are not fully understood. Here authors show that a neuronal ensemble of the bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex responds to noxious stimulus signals from diverse body regions, and define the intra-somatosensory cortical circuits mediating pain-induced analgesia.