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Unnatural α- and γ-amino acids display a diverse range of biological activities and serve as crucial intermediates in pharmaceutical production. Here, the authors report a four-component reaction to facilitate the switchable synthesis of α- and γ-amino acids from a shared extended p-quinone methide through a tailored amination strategy.

Entanglement entropy is a crucial quantity in several research fields, yet its calculation in higher-dimensional systems remains challenging. Here the authors develop a quantum Monte Carlo-based algorithm to efficiently extract large-scale entanglement entropy data and apply it to quantum critical systems.

Epithelial malfunction is an unmet critical challenge in trachea repair. Here, Chen et al. developed a multiplexed hydrogel to promote tracheal repair with native-like epithelium in pre-clinical models, exhibiting clinical translation potential.

Epstein-Barr virus is associated with increased cancer risk. Here, the authors analysed two population-based prospective cohorts in Southern China to examine the association between increased seropositivity and the risk of multiple cancer types.

Pei et al. overcome desorption of passivating molecules under photothermal stress in wide-bandgap perovskites and achieve perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ tandem solar cells with a certified efficiency of 27.35%.

DNA Damage Regulated Autophagy Modulator 1 (DRAM1) plays pivotal roles in autophagy regulation. Here, the authors show that DRAM1 stabilizes lysosomal VAMP8, thereby promoting autolysosome maturation. Furthermore, they establish that DRAM1–VAMP8 axis enhances autophagic flux and facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma extravasation, as validated in both zebrafish xenograft and mouse metastatic models.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

Cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate is found to be a second messenger in eukaryotic cells that is generated by adenylate cyclase 7 and connects Toll-like receptor 9 stimulation to nucleotide-binding ___domain, leucine-rich repeat protein 3 inflammasome activation.

Grain protein content determines rice nutrition quality. Here, the authors show that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of OsGluA2, encoding a glutelin type-A2 precursor, is responsible for glutelin content difference between the indica and japonica rice subspecies.

The authors present a 3.5-million-year-long pollen record from the Zoige Basin of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, 3,442 m above sea level. The ~5,000 pollen assemblages retrieved from the core reveal many ecosystem transitions during this time and, when correlated with climatic curves, indicate what effects future warming may have on regional vegetation.

Trained on large and multicenter datasets with different imaging modalities, a foundation model is shown to have strong performance on the full spectrum of clinically relevant tasks and to increase user accuracy in diagnostic tasks.

Nuclear SREBP2 forms nuclear condensates through its N-terminal intrinsically disordered region, which is essential for the transcriptional activation of lipogenic genes.

Many thrombolytic agents depend on plasminogen, leading to D-dimer accumulation. Here, Tang et al. report a plasminogen-independent thrombolytic enzyme that degrades blood clots and D-dimer without plasminogen.

XPR1 is the only known protein that exports inorganic phosphate from cells. This study demonstrates that XPR1 uses a channel-like mechanism for phosphate transport, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies for XPR1-linked diseases.

The microglia–neuron interactions contributing to neuronal hyperexcitability are unclear. Here, the authors show how GABA and C3 signaling coordinate microglial engulfment of inhibitory synapses, driving excitatory–inhibitory imbalance and neuronal hyperexcitability in epilepsy.

In micro-nano polymeric composites, the modulation of phosphorescent emission performance through macroscopic electrostatic interactions not only significantly enhances emission intensity but also effectively extends the phosphorescence lifetime.

The authors present a 3D map of nearly all cells in C. elegans embryos, revealing how cell shape, size, and fate change over time. They show how Notch and Wnt signaling, along with mechanical forces, influence development, including organ formation.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Initially anode-free design can obtain the maximum energy density of sodium metal batteries. Here, authors construct a highly ordered and regularly arranged Al(100) single crystal current collector, achieving uniform reversible sodium deposition capability and long cycle performance.

The RNA binding protein hnRNPL is recruited to chromatin by the PIK3CB promoter-transcribed non-coding RNA and forms phase-separated condensates, which activates PIK3CB transcription and glycolysis, thus promoting ovarian cancer progression.

The development of artificial vision for blind people has been a long-standing endeavour. Tang et al. create a wearable multimodal visual assistance system with a human-centred design, blending software and hardware innovations to enhance usability.

An implantable hydrogel-based phononic crystal that deforms with the surrounding tissues modifying the ultrasonic bandgap allows continuous and wireless monitoring of internal tissue strains.

A memristor-based architecture for federated learning can implement compute-in-memory technology for encryption and decryption computations, a physical unclonable function for key generation and a true random number generator for error polynomial generation all within the same memristor array and peripheral circuits.

Cytology is commonly used for cervical cancer screening or triage. Here, the authors used deep learning to develop a liquid-based cytology screening approach to detect cervical cancer in both community and hospital-based settings.

A novel covalent inhibitor, ISM3312, targets the main protease of multiple human coronaviruses, including drug-resistant strains, and shows broad antiviral activity. It offers a promising therapeutic strategy against current and future coronavirus threats.

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are vital for genome integrity and fertility. Here the authors reveal that spatial clustering of piRNA genes in Caenorhabditis elegans promotes transcription through phase separation and deSUMOylation, uncovering a SUMOylation-regulated mechanism for piRNA production in heterochromatic genomes.