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The H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) remain dominant in live poultry markets in China, and H9N2 AIVs with HA-Q226L, PB2-V/K627 and NP-N52 mutations can be transmitted between guinea pigs and between ferrets via direct contact and respiratory droplet.

This study collected and analysed 3,517 de novo assemblies from 1,575 plant species sequenced since 2000, including 793 newly sequenced species in the past three years. A database named N3: plants, genomes, technologies was developed to accommodate the metadata associated with the sequenced genomes.

Black phosphorus/molybdenum disulfide heterostructures serve as a building block for logic devices with overall superior performance characteristics.

A black phosphorus/Al₂O₃/black phosphorus heterostructure can be used to create a tunnel field-effect transistor in which the tunnelling current is in the transverse direction with respect to the drive current, leading to abrupt switching and a negative differential resistance with a peak-to-valley ratio of more than 100 at room temperature.

Controlled physical vapour deposition of indium tin oxide layers with thickness down to 4 nm allows the use of these materials as active channels in high-performing transistors for digital and radiofrequency electronics.

Sun et al. report human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome in 33,250 individuals, which highlights critical growth milestones and distinct maturation patterns and offers a normative reference for development, aging and diseases.

The contact resistance of a junction between graphene and palladium is shown to be strongly affected by carrier transport in graphene underneath the palladium, and is measured to be just two to three times larger than the minimum resistance achievable.

Researchers clarify damping pathways for mid-infrared graphene plasmons, including graphene intrinsic optical phonons and edge scattering. They also demonstrate the guiding of mid-infrared graphene plasmons in 50-nm-wide structures with an electromagnetic mode area of 10⁻³μm² and a propagation length of 200 nm.

Using a large multisite dataset of people with major depressive disorder and healthy controls, the authors show global brain connectivity alterations in the sensorimotor, visual, and default mode networks.

Presymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is estimated to account for a substantial proportion of COVID-19 cases.

Dong et al. present an integrative proteogenomic analysis of high-risk prostate cancer samples from a cohort of Chinese patients and highlight potential therapeutic vulnerabilities and diagnostic markers.

The role of stem Leydig cells in restoration of male fertility after acute injury is not clear. In an acute injury mouse model of testicular torsion, the authors show that Stem Leydig cells can restore testicular immunological homeostasis by mitochondria transfer to macrophages in a TRPM7-mediated manner.

Developments in the fabrication processes of monolithic complementary field-effect transistors allow inverters with a 48 nm gate pitch to be created.

Cyclin D1 is involved in tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer (BC) but how it is regulated is unclear. Here, the authors demonstrate that the LncRNA DILA1 contributes to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer by binding to Cyclin D1 and preventing its degradation.

The discrepancy between the short half-life of ketamine and its long-lasting effects is due to ketamine being trapped in NMDA receptors, and its release depends on neural activity in the lateral habenula.

Existing genetics and genomics studies of peppers mainly focus on single species. Here, the authors report a pepper graph pan-genome and a genome variation map of 500 accessions from five domesticated species and close wild relatives to reveal their domestication, introgression and population differentiation.

An attractive method to fabricate graphene transistors is transferring high-quality graphene sheets to a suitable substrate. This study identifies diamond-like carbon as a new substrate for graphene devices. It is attractive as few sources for scattering are expected at the interface that may lead to deterioration of device properties. Graphene transistors operating at radio frequencies with cutoff as high as 155 GHz and with scalable gate length are demonstrated. Unlike conventional semiconductor devices, the high-frequency performance of the graphene devices exhibits little temperature dependence down to 4.3 K, providing a much larger operation window than conventional devices.

The resonant frequency and magnitude of graphene plasmons in graphene/insulator stacks depend on the layer number, which allows tunable filters and polarizers to be built.

Production of value-added chemicals by using renewable energy and cheap water attract great interest. Herein, the authors design a paired electrocatalytic system to produce 4-aminobenzyl alcohol at cathode and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid at anode.

Two divergent haplotypes from a highly heterozygous lychee genome of the cultivar ‘Feizixiao’ and resequencing of 72 lychee accessions provide insights into the genome evolution and domestication history of lychee.

The requirement for external electric supplies has significantly limited the application of electrochromic devices in modulating light absorption as smart windows. Here, the authors report automatic switching perovskite solar cells-powered all-in-one gel electrochromic device in response to surrounding light intensity in real-time.

Storage of photon entanglement at telecommunication wavelength is an important milestone for the development of the quantum internet. Here, the authors demonstrate storage and retrieval of entangled telecom photons—generated through SWFM in a silicon nitride microring resonator—in an Erbium doped crystal.

Maternal diabetes can induce neural tube defects (NTD). Here, the authors show that in mice, deletion ofPrkca(encoding protein kinase C-alpha) restores autophagy, via suppression of miR-129-2 and reversal of reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor c coactivator 1alpha, so reducing NTDs.

Technical advancements have significantly improved early diagnosis of cervical cancer, but accurate diagnosis is still difficult due to various practical factors. Here, the authors develop an artificial intelligence assistive diagnostic solution to improve cervical liquid-based thin-layer cell smear diagnosis according to clinical TBS criteria in a large multicenter study.

The molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of dopamine transporter activity in the brain remain poorly understood. The authors show that glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor, its receptor Ret and the Rho family GEF protein Vav2 are required for modulating dopamine transporter cell surface expression and transporter activity in the nucleus accumbens.

Large area two-dimensional materials show promise for applications in DC and RF flexible electronics. Here, the authors report RF transistors based on chemical vapor deposited bilayer MoS₂ with 23 GHz extrinsic maximum oscillation frequency, and gigahertz mixers on flexible polyimide substrates.

Most breast cancer patients are estrogen receptor positive and thus benefit from treatments that inhibit estrogen production; however, one third of tamoxifen-treated patients develops resistance and relapse. Here the authors show that tamoxifen resistant cells are resistant to chemotherapy because of BARD1 and BRCA1 upregulation.

Drug addiction is partially heritable but the non-genetic inheritance mechanisms are not well understood. The authors show that motivation of male rats in response to cocaine self-administration elicit susceptibility and/or decreased resistance to developing addiction like behaviour in offspring.

Circuits capable of reconfigurable logic and neuromorphic functions can be created by exploiting the electronic tunability of two-dimensional tungsten diselenide homojunctions.