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Previous ophthalmic foundation models have struggled to generalize effectively to diverse and rare fundus diseases, restricting their clinical applicability. Here, the authors introduce a vision-language foundation model that demonstrates superior performance in diagnosing both common and rare fundus conditions.

Preclinical studies have shown synergy in the combination of tifcemalimab (anti-BTLA antibody) with toripalimab (anti-PD-1 antibody) in lymphoma. Here, the authors report a clinical trial investigating tifcemalimab alone and in combination with toripalimab in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma.

Proper exposure settings are crucial for modern machine vision cameras. This work develops neuromorphic exposure control using peripheral-vision inspired processing to solve the problem, enhancing performance in applications like autonomous driving and medical imaging.

Chen, Zhou, Xue et al. show that psychological stress leads to noradrenaline release and Alkbh5 downregulation, causing the transfer of extracellular vesicles containing m⁶A-modified RNAs to neurons to regulate innervation and pancreatic cancer development.

The positive electrode/electrolyte interface is crucial for the performance of all-solid-state lithium batteries. Here, authors use a sintering technique to form a conformal interface between high-entropy disordered rock salt electrodes and garnet-type electrolytes to reduce interfacial resistance.

Tightly focused optical fields are essential in nano-optics, but lack tools for accurate yet efficient characterization. Here, the authors develop an in situ method to reconstruct the fully vectorial information of tightly focused fields in 3D space.

The development of three-dimensional (3D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with novel topologies is of both fundamental and practical interest but the construction of highly crystalline 3D COF remains challenging. Here, the authors report highly crystalline 3D COFs with pto and mhq-z topologies by rationally selecting rectangular-planar and trigonal-planar building blocks with appropriate conformational strains.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Heterogeneous single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer high atom utilization and well-defined active sites but face challenges in multi-stage cross-couplings due to limited coordination and reactivity. Here, the authors introduce SACs on reducible carriers, enabling adaptive coordination to bypass oxidative addition in cross-couplings.

An artificial ligament replacement is made from aligned carbon nanotubes formed into hierarchical helical fibres with nanometre and micrometre channels which are demonstrated for the replacement of anterior cruciate ligaments in both rabbit and ovine models, showing strong integration and functional recovery.

The authors obtain the TiCoSb-based single-crystals with a dimension exceeding 1 cm, leading to an extraordinary enhancement in electron mobility and consequently, an average power factor of 37 W cm⁻¹ K⁻² in the Nb-doped TiCoSb single-crystal.

Lightweight, flexible and strong fibre actuators that respond to solvents and vapours are made by twisting together several well-aligned helical fibres of multiwalled carbon nanotubes.

Rechargeable sodium-chlorine (Na-Cl₂) batteries hold promise for grid energy storage but face challenges of corrosive thionyl chloride (SOCl₂) electrolytes. Here, authors introduce a non-corrosive ester as an alternative, enabling Na-Cl₂ batteries with a wide temperature range from −40 to 80 °C.

The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder are unclear. Here, the authors report cell type- and cortical layer-specific gene expression changes and identify one microglia subpopulation associated with depressive-like behavior in female non-human primates.

Deep learning models can reflect and amplify human bias, potentially resulting inaccurate missed diagnoses. Here, the authors show that by leveraging the marginal pairwise equal opportunity, their model reduces bias in medical image classification by over 35% compared to baseline models, with minimal impact on AUC values.

Yang et al. show an age-related increase in the microbial-derived metabolite phenylacetylglutamine that drives host cellular senescence by inducing DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction via ADR–AMPK signaling.

Formation of biomolecular condensates composed of proteins and RNA facilitates the regulation of gene expression by modulating translation or facilitating RNA processing. Now, synthetic ribonucleoprotein granules created with engineered intrinsically disordered proteins selectively sequester mRNA and enhance protein translation in cells. These highly liquid-like condensates exchange biomolecules across the cell and facilitate target mRNA and ribosome partitioning.

Existing biodegradable materials lack long-term therapeutical effect because of their gradual degradation. Here, the authors develop a degradable material with continuous ROS modulation, which rapidly eliminates bacteria and promotes bone regeneration in infected cranial defects.

The authors highlight the role of acyl coenzyme A binding protein (encoded by DBI) in Cushing’s syndrome by using six different inhibition methods and mapping the physiological effects.

The controlled growth of large-area single-crystalline 2D semiconductors remains a significant challenge for their electronic applications. Here, the authors report a quasi-equilibrium growth method to synthesize inch-scale monolayer α-In₂Se₃ with high mobility and ferroelectric field-effect transistor performance.

Freestanding perovskite oxides pave the way to novel flexural properties. Here, the authors observe the nanoscale strain gradient induced flexoelectric polarization with an unusual flexo-expansion/shrinkage effect in freestanding ferroelectric oxide.

By tuning the plasma frequency, Yu, Gao et al. develop an industrial-scale chemical vapour deposition system for uniform nanocrystalline silicon oxide coatings, enabling 26.41% efficiency in silicon heterojunction solar cells with copper electrodes.

Chiral materials with strong and tunable chiroptical activities are highly desirable. Here, the authors employ an AI-guided robotic platform to fully execute a cyclic process to perform inverse design and fabricate chiral films with target chiroptical performance.

2D semiconductors, one of the transformative technologies for sub-1-nm technology node integrated circuits, are at a tipping point in transitioning from laboratory research to industry manufacturing. Therefore, 2D transistor fabrication and chip integration that are compatible with standard foundry workflows and benchmarks that meet industry requirements must be established.

A dual-channel near-field holographic MIMO communication scheme is proposed and experimentally verified by using programmable digital coding metasurface and electromagnetic theory, which provides a low complexity, low cost and low power consumption solution to fully utilize the spatial diversity and serves as a valuable technique in beyond fifth generation and 6G wireless communications.

Here the authors have realized a programmable incoherent optical neural network that delivers light-speed, high-bandwidth, and power-efficient neural network inference via processing parallel visible light signals in the free space.

The design of effective photoelectrodes for solar energy conversion relies on optimizing charge separation and transfer, which remain a challenge. In this study, the authors demonstrate that an external poling treatment can create a built-in electric field in bismuth vanadate photoelectrodes, thereby facilitating efficient charge transport for water oxidation and methane conversion.

Manipulating collective phenomena in solid-state platforms with optical means is an ongoing topic of interest in condensed matter physics. Here, the authors demonstrate all-optical room-temperature manipulation of electronic states in the charge-density-wave material EuTe₄.

Nanoporous 2D materials have shown promising potential for ion sieving applications due to their physical and chemical properties. Here authors develop a heterogeneous graphene-based polyethylene terephthalate nanochannel with ion sieving ability that is controlled by adjusting the applied voltage.

Here the authors measure viral load in samples from skin lesions, saliva, oropharynx, and rectum of 77 patients with acute monkeypox virus infection as well as from environmental fomite swabs and show a high seropositivity rate for antibodies against A29L and H3L.

The Clp protease (ClpP) in plastids is essential for chloroplast development and plant cell survival. The composition and architecture of the chloroplast ClpP complex in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is now revealed by cryo-electron microscopy.

The rhizosheath, or the soil layer closely attached to roots, can help plants tolerate drought. Here, the authors show that rhizosheath formation in barley is promoted by soil bacteria that produce indole-3-acetic acid, a common auxin.

Here, the authors report the engineering, structural and biological characterization of synthetic nanobodies (sybodies) that display potent therapeutic activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection in animal models via targeting the virus receptor-binding ___domain.

Major royal jelly protein 1 (MRJP1) is the most abundant glycoprotein in royal jelly (RJ). Here the authors isolated MRJP1 from RJ and determined the 2.65 Å resolution crystal structure of the 16-molecule oligomer, which also contained 24-methylenecholesterol and apisimin bound to MRJP1.

Achieving controllable fine-tuning of defects is desired for electrocatalysts. Here, the authors present a facile and controllable thermal tuning strategy that enables fine control of nanodefects, thereby endowing common carbon materials with high electrocatalytic oxidation efficiency.

Twisted graphene spirals are emerging material structures that may host topological phenomena. Here, the authors demonstrate extremely large magnetoresistance and a metal-insulator transition in twisted graphene spirals.

The authors demonstrate all-spin synapses and neurons using ___domain wall-magnetic tunnel junctions, utilizing synergistic spin-orbit torque and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. The intrinsic linearity is required for compact and energy-efficient bio-inspired hardware for neuromorphic computing.

The first known local mpox outbreak in Guangdong Province, China occurred in June 2023. Here, the authors perform phylogenetic and molecular evolution analysis of ten mpox virus genome sequences from this outbreak, and place them in the context of other samples detected in surrounding regions.

Nearly a century after dark matter was proposed, yet its nature remains elusive. Here, authors present their dark photon dark matter search results using two atomic magnetometer arrays 1700 km apart in large magnetic shields and offer the strongest terrestrial constraint in this mass range to date.

We develop a method for providing high-quality, holographic, three-dimensional augmented-reality images in a small form factor suitable for incorporation in eyeglass-scale wearables, using high-refraction-index glass waveguides with nanoscale metasurfaces, and incorporating artificial intelligence.