Fig. 2: Diagram summarizing the in cellulo, in vitro and in silico methods used to study drug transport. | Communications Biology

Fig. 2: Diagram summarizing the in cellulo, in vitro and in silico methods used to study drug transport.

From: Advances in methods and concepts provide new insight into antibiotic fluxes across the bacterial membrane

Fig. 2

For in cellulo methods, the pros (green) and cons (red) of each method are illustrated in a circular heat map chart across the following categories: Transport: Relevant method for studying influx + efflux versus multi-factorial processes, Early time: Method applicability to early versus prolonged bacterial-drug contact, kinetics: Kinetic data versus discrete time points, True drug: Use of unmodified and active drug versus modified drug (labeled) and/or substrate without antibacterial activity (dye), quantitative: Provision of quantitative versus qualitative-relative data, All drugs: Applicability to all drugs versus specific drugs (fluorescent, same antibiotic family), single-cell: Data at the single-cell versus population level, sub-cellular: Ability to enable or not sub-cellular localization. The pros and cons of in vitro and in silico methods are also indicated in green and red, respectively. A.I. Artificial intelligence, DUV Deep UV, EOF Electroosmotic Flow, FARMA Fluorescent Artificial Receptor-based Membrane Assay, LUV Large Unilamellar Vesicles, MD Molecular Dynamics, MIC Minimal Inhibitory Concentration, Tof-SIMS Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Created in BioRender. Vergalli, J. (2024) BioRender.com/v13n890.

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