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In this Review, Warner, Barczak, Gutierrez and Mizrahi explore essential aspects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis physiology and biology, present recent advances related to its pathogenesis, metabolism and immune evasion mechanisms, and propose future directions for research.
In this Review, Mondo and Grigoriev explore the central role of omics approaches to investigate the biology and evolution of fungi and understand phylogeny and how traits evolved over time within the fungal kingdom.
In this Review, Günthard, Kusejko and Kouyos examine how advances in phylogenetics and molecular epidemiology have deepened our understanding of the HIV pandemic, including tracing its zoonotic origins, monitoring transmission dynamics and prevention efforts, and understanding pathogenesis.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a functionally versatile bacterium, a leading opportunistic human pathogen and a model organism in microbiology. In this Review, Letizia, Diggle and Whiteley discuss P.aeruginosa’s quorum sensing, biofilm formation, virulence, epidemiology, resistance mechanisms and infection control strategies.
In this Review, Auchtung, Hallen-Adams and Hutkins examine the ecological interactions among microorganisms in various fermented foods, how these interactions shape microbial community structure within food ecosystems, and the effects of modern technologies on the microbial and organoleptic properties of fermented foods.
In this Review, Fouchier and colleagues explore the evolution, spread and zoonotic risks of highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza viruses. They highlight recent unusual outbreaks, discuss future preparedness strategies from a One Health perspective, and describe countermeasures to mitigate the risks.
The human intestinal microbiota ferments dietary fibre to short-chain fatty acids, which make an important contribution to host health. In this Review, Mukhopadhya and Louis discuss the luminal microbial production of short-chain fatty acids and their local and systemic actions on the host.
In this Review, Weaver and colleagues discuss the transmission cycles of arthritogenic alphaviruses, their vectors, epidemiology, transmission dynamics, evolution, pathophysiology and immune responses. They also outline strategies and countermeasures to anticipate and mitigate the impact of arthritogenic alphaviruses on human health.
In this Review, Chen, Farzan and Choe discuss our current understanding of the structure and function of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, the molecular mechanism of viral entry and the emergence of new variants, as well as the implications of these insights for development of spike protein-related intervention strategies.
In this Review, van de Veerdonk and colleagues explore Aspergillus fumigatus biology, the host immune responses and the fungal mechanisms of immune evasion, as well as emerging challenges such as virus-associated pulmonary aspergillosis and azole resistance, and reflect on future directions for therapeutics and patient care improvement.
Sixty years after the discovery of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Münz discusses new developments in the immunobiology of the first discovered human tumour virus, including vaccines and the role of EBV in the initiation of autoimmune diseases, especially multiple sclerosis.
In this Review, Hube and colleagues overview the commensal and pathogenic lifestyles of Candida albicans, focusing on how the fungus transitions between these two states, the fungal and host factors involved, and the role of the mucosal microbiota on C. albicans commensalism.
In this Review, Theuretzbacher explores current clinical antibacterial agents in clinical development, incorporating global health considerations and the need for effective, accessible therapies worldwide.
In this Review, Kaltenpoth et al. examine the evolution and function of beneficial symbioses between bacteria and their insect hosts, focusing on their effects on the host fitness and the microbial factors that play a role in the evolution of these symbiotic associations.
Piddock and colleagues explore new antibacterial compounds in active late discovery phase and preclinical development focusing on innovative strategies, with a global health perspective.
In this Review, Penadés et al. explore the genetics, potential origins and life cycle of phage satellites, and they discuss the impact of these elements on the evolution of other mobile genetic elements and their host bacteria.
In this Review, Gagneux and colleagues discuss ecological and evolutionary concepts related to the biology and epidemiology of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, including new phylogenetic lineages, host tropism among the various animal-adapted lineages, the evolutionary dynamics of antimicrobial resistance and transmission, as well as within-host diversity and structural genomic variation.
Each human hosts a unique microbiome, but only recently have we started to uncover how such uniqueness can arise. In this Review, Heidrich, Valles-Colomer and Segata highlight studies that surveyed how we acquire and transmit our microbiome strains through interactions with other humans and the environment.
In this Review, Lang and colleagues present an overview of the current knowledge landscape regarding mobile genetic elements in bacteria, with a focus on their evolutionary relationships and interactions with each other.
In this Review, Iliev, Ananthakrishnan and Guo explore the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease, highlighting bacterial and fungal components, immune mechanisms, metabolites, links between the microbiota and enteric nervous system, as well as therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities.
