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The neurotransmitter serotonin regulates cancer through receptor-signaling activation, but also epigenetics mechanisms by serotonylation. Here, the authors show that histone serotonylation promotes pancreatic cancer progression by upregulating stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which remodels lipid metabolism, suggesting a potential target for therapy.

Zhang, Peng, and colleagues benchmark metabolic RNA labelling chemistries for time-resolved single-cell RNA sequencing, improving in vivo detection of newly synthesized RNA during zebrafish embryogenesis.

A new group of multi-principal-element alloys, designed through machine learning and extreme microstructural heterogeneities, achieve high strength (1.8-GPa yield strength) and ductility (25% uniform elongation) at room temperature.

This work reveals an unusual T⁴ temperature dependence of the electronic thermal conductivity at ultralow temperatures and a strong violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law in the topological compensated semimetals TaAs₂, NbAs₂, and NdSb.

A quantum microsatellite, with a payload weighing only 23 kilograms, in combination with portable ground stations that weigh merely 100 kilograms, is capable of performing space-to-ground real-time quantum key distribution.

Perovskite solar cells often rely on ordered molecular contacts for favourable charge-carrier transport, and any organizational disruption reduces device efficiency. Now a contact featuring an orthogonal π-skeleton has been shown to afford a high resilience to external stimuli plus long-term durability in accelerated-ageing tests.

Clinical trials of CD47 blocking antibody in human cancer patients have not yielded ideal results. Here the authors show that USP2 stabilizes CD47 through deubiquitination, whereas USP2 inhibition enhances macrophage phagocytosis, reprograms tumor microenvironment and synergizes with anti-PD-1 treatment.

Metal-free catalysts offer a sustainable option for water oxidation but typically underperform compared to metal-based ones. Here, the authors report an all-organic catalyst that uses a rare oxide pathway to achieve high efficiency and long-term stability, comparable to metal-based systems.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

This study elucidates that d-galacturonic acid and d-glucuronic acid regulate apple fruit softening by repressing MdHb1 expression through the MdMYB2/MdNAC14/MdNTL9-MdHb1 regulatory module, offering new insights into postharvest fruit quality control.

The complete biosynthetic pathway of Prim-O-Glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-Methylvisamminoside in Saposhnikovia divaricata is resolved and their de novo biosynthesis is reconstructed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The evolutionary mechanisms of furochromone biosynthesis among Apiaceae plants is further analyzed.

A size-sieved complex precipitation in Sc-added Al–Mg alloys achieves a high-density dispersion of both fine Al₃Sc nanoprecipitates and in situ formed core-shell Al₃(Mg, Sc)₂/Al₃Sc nanophases with high hydrogen-trapping ability.

The single-cell and spatial transcriptomic atlases shed light on the molecular characteristics and spatial distribution of various ovarian cell types during folliculogenesis, and luteinization following ovulation.

Organic memory devices, with small dimension, fast speed and long retention are promising candidates for data archiving. Here, the authors present a molecular hard-disk logic scheme capable of executing in-situ encryption of data in pW/bit power-consumption range.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Diagnosis of lung cancer from indeterminate pulmonary nodules remains challenging. Here, the authors develop a multi-omics signature to identify oncogenic nodules, and prevent unnecessary procedures.

Carbonylation of unactivated C-H bonds is typically carried out on primary C-H sites using gaseous carbon monoxide. Here the authors report a palladium cataylsed alkoxycarbonylation process using alkyl chloroformates that functionalises more challenging unactivated secondary C-H sites.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells can utilise the tumour microenvironment to metastasise to the liver. Here the authors show that hepatoctyes overexpress SLIT2 to enable premetastatic niche formation for ROBO1-positive PDAC cells to support the survival of these tumour cells in the liver.

Crop yield losses to insect pests pose a risk to food security. This Review assesses global trends of crop pest prevalence associated with global environmental change, identifies the underlying ecological mechanisms and proposes strategies for effective, sustainable management of pests to support future food security.

Cancer vaccines based on endogenous modified dendritic cells can activate cytotoxic T cells in an antigen-specific manner, but the short life of dendritic cells on injection in the body limits the efficacy of the strategies. Here the authors design biomimetic nanovesicles derived from antigen-presenting dendritic cell membranes for cancer vaccination and the simultaneous delivery of immune co-stimulatory molecules, showing robust antitumour activity in animal models.

This study maps proteomic changes in Alzheimer’s mouse models, identifying shared pathways with humans, amyloid-driven protein turnover, and proteome-transcriptome differences, offering insights into disease mechanisms and potential targets.

An et al. discovered a new brain pathway in mice that conveys light signals from the retina to mood-relevant subcortical nuclei under circadian gating and thereby mediates depressive-like behaviors induced by abnormal nighttime light exposure.

Low-frequency quasiperiodic oscillations in X-ray data are thought to trace the accretion flow in X-ray binaries. Here, the detection of 200 keV oscillations probes the innermost regions of MAXI J1820+070, revealing the precession of a small-scale jet.

Li and colleagues show that G3BP1, a protein known to regulate the RNA stress response, is critical for DNA sensing and efficient activation of the cytoplasmic DNA sensor cGAS.

IgA nephropathy is a major cause of end-stage renal disease in China, occurring at a high frequency in Asian populations. Here Li and colleagues conduct a four-stage genome-wide association study in a Chinese population, identifying novel loci and variants associated with disease risk.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in Chinese Han and white British participants identify autosomal and X-chromosomal associations in more diverse populations.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive metastatic disease characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here the authors show that a subset of P2RX1-negative neutrophils with immunosuppressive properties accumulate in PDAC metastatic liver tissues and promote tumor growth.

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) has emerged as a new paradigm for modulating protein activity. Here, the authors develop bifunctional degraders combining a putative ligand of the autophagy-related LC3 protein with different protein targets, which direct proteins of interest to the proteasome by covalently targeting the DCAF11 E3 ligase substrate receptor.

Ketamine produces rapid antidepressant effects, but the mechanism involved is not fully understood. Here the authors show that ketamine enhances glutamatergic neurotransmission and produces rapid antidepressant-like effects though recruitment of TARP-γ8 at the postsynaptic sites in the ventral hippocampus of stressed male mice.

How to melt and quench the largest subclass of MOFs, metal carboxylate frameworks, into glasses is a major challenge. Here, the authors develop a strategy by grafting the zwitterions onto the carboxylate ligands and incorporating organic acids into the framework channels to realize the glass formation.

Given that the human body is composed of many microbial niches, and there have been few reports on the biogeography of the microbiome, the authors analyse the intra-individual inter-organ and intra-organ microbiome of seven surface organs of deceased individuals.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses in populations of East Asian and European ancestries identify variant–trait associations for 44 hippocampal traits and provide insight into the genetic architectures of hippocampal and subfield volumes.

Yuan and colleagues show that ERMAP expression on cancer cells delivers an ‘eat me’ signal to Kupffer cells by binding to Gal-9–dectin-2 on Kupffer cells and triggering phagocytosis.

Dynamic arrangement of epigenetic modifications such as repressive H3K27 methylation is essential for zygote development. Here the authors show that establishment of genome-wide H3K27me3 in zygotes requires EZH2, that EZH1 partially compensates for EZH2 loss, and that EHMT1 is involved in H3K27me2 establishment.

Dual-comb spectroscopy with time–frequency dissemination and high-power frequency combs enables sensing CO₂ and H₂O over a 113 km turbulent open-air path, with a sensing precision as high as 2 parts per million of CO₂.

Certain soil fungi form specialized cellular structures or 'traps' to feed on nematodes, which in turn eat bacteria. Here, the authors show that urea released from bacteria induces trap formation in the fungi and this promotes nematode elimination.