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High-energy aqueous metal batteries are promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems yet face detrimental parasitic reactions. Here, authors develop a durable cadmium-metal battery employing a fast-kinetics dual-structure-breaking electrolyte.

ALI is an approach for analyzing voltage imaging data that is inspired by algorithms used in super-resolution microscopy. It allows resolving the activity of single neurons in densely labeled populations in scattering conditions.

Exfoliation of g-C₃N₄ breaks the molecular chains, causing sluggish carrier kinetics and moderate degradation activity. Here, authors address these issues by developing an ultrathin porous g-C₃N₄ with intact molecular chains via shear repair strategy, enhancing the activity of PMS-assisted water purification.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

The development of vertical p-i-n junctions has been hindered by complex fabrication techniques and performance trade-off between responsivity and speed. Here, authors employ WSe₂ thin layers to construct photodiode, reporting responsivity of 0.388 A/W and response time down to sub-10 picoseconds.

The effects of non-reacting components on polyatomic reactions are still largely unclear. Here, the authors show through a combined experimental and theoretical study of the D + CH₄ reaction that the CH₃ umbrella bending mode serves as a reporter mode, revealing how the D atom dynamically approaches CH₄.

Addressing the stability challenges from metal electrodes/perovskite components chemical interactions is essential for high-performance perovskite solar cells. Here, authors design a bilayer polymer buffer to mitigate metal/ion interdiffusion, realizing a certified efficiency of 26.46%.

White-light emission from materials and devices usually occurs omni-directional through space. Here, the authors show that sintering carbon dots with TiO₂ forms a microlens-shape surface that enables directional emission with 1/60 solid angle.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

This study reports the design of heterogated nanoprobes for interval-based pH imaging in biological systems, including cellular endocytic organelles and tumours. The modular design allows for fine-tuning of pH transition point and fluorescent emission.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

The tissue-specific accumulation patterns of pathogenic mtDNA mutations during aging remain incompletely understood. In this study, the researchers developed three mouse models with distinct mitochondrial tRNA mutations, revealing age-dependent accumulation of these mutations in the kidneys, leading to mitochondrial kidney disease.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the ___location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Binning is an essential step in genome-resolved metagenomic analysis in which assembled contigs originating from the same source population are clustered. However it is challenging, especially for low abundance microbial species. Here the authors introduce a toolkit that integrates multiple prominent binning tools and AI for efficient and high-resolution recovery of non-redundant bins from short- and long-read metagenomic sequencing datasets.

Understanding the genetic factors that regulate panicle architecture is important for improving rice yields. In this study, Li et al. demonstrate that the gene PTB1is critical for regulating panicle seed setting rate and pollen tube growth.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from 3,023 human genomes from mainland Southeast Asia identifies high genetic heterogeneity among populations in the region and many unique small and structural variants.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Tissue aging is associated with pro-fibrotic changes and stiffening of the extracellular matrix. Here the authors present FiNi-seq, a method that enriches fibrotic tissue based on its physical properties and thus captures aging-associated cell types. The study characterizes early fibrotic changes in liver tissue.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

A dynamic Cu–Pt dual-atom catalyst supported on 1Tʹ-MoS₂ can be electrically switched between single- and dual-atom configurations, enabling on-demand control for alkyne semi-hydrogenation.

Here, the authors show that mechanical loading promotes subchondral bone osteocytes to secrete extracellular vesicles containing miR-23b-3p, which accelerates osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting mitophagy and disrupting cartilage metabolism.

The transcription factor CREM is a pivotal regulator of NK cell function, making CREM a valuable target to increase the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies based on this cell population and chimeric antigen receptors.

A novel covalent inhibitor, ISM3312, targets the main protease of multiple human coronaviruses, including drug-resistant strains, and shows broad antiviral activity. It offers a promising therapeutic strategy against current and future coronavirus threats.

A memristor-based architecture for federated learning can implement compute-in-memory technology for encryption and decryption computations, a physical unclonable function for key generation and a true random number generator for error polynomial generation all within the same memristor array and peripheral circuits.

Commercial solutions to assess air quality and safety in underground mines often suffer from low accuracy, high installation and maintenance costs, without providing data on noxious gases. Here, the authors present a wireless, battery-free sensing platform for environmental monitoring of underground mines.

Xue et al. report self-powered photoelectrochemical photodetectors based on CuOx decorated AlGaN nanowires with staggered energy band structure. High-energy photons can be absorbed by CuOx to trigger the multiexciton generation effect, enabling an external quantum efficiency of 131.5% at 255 nm.

Controlling phase transitions in MoOx semiconductors is challenging. Here, the authors develop a lab-on-device system to modulate proton intercalation, achieving conductance modulation and enabling electrochemical memory and neural network applications.

Compressed organizational axis of cortical thickness in early-onset schizophrenia reveals a systematic disturbance of maturational processes and supports the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia.

C−H bond functionalization is widely used in chemical synthesis but achieving regio- and stereoselectivity is still challenging. Here, the authors report the mechanism of three Fe(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases in bicyclomycin synthesis, which depicts the natural strategy to sequentially hydroxylate specific C–H bonds of similar substrates (cyclodipeptides)

It is generally more difficult to modify the buried interfaces compared to top interfaces in tin-lead perovskite subcells. Here, the authors employ a mercapto-functionalized mesoporous silica layer as a superstructure, realizing maximum efficiency of 29.6% for double-junction tandem solar cells.

An atlas of candidate cis-regulatory DNA elements (cCREs) in the adult mouse brain unravels the transcriptional regulatory programs that drive the heterogeneity and complexity of brain structure and function.

The suboptimal interfacial contacts between nickel oxide and self-assembled monolayers in wide bandgap subcells limit the photovoltaic efficiency and stability. Here, authors employ boric acid as an anchoring group for chemisorption, achieving efficiency of 28.5% for two-terminal tandem solar cells.

An endohedral metallofullerene–polymer layer, which features ultrafast electron extraction and in situ encapsulation, improves the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.

Endothelial injury drives vascular diseases like atherosclerosis, but key regulators are unclear. Here, the authors show that endothelial major vault protein (MVP) acts as an intracellular regulator promoting Parkin-mediated mitophagy, thereby antagonizing vascular remodeling and suggesting its role as a potential therapeutic target.

Interpreting bone metastases (BMs) from computed tomography (CT) images remains challenging. Here, the authors develop an AI-based Bone Lesion Detection System - BLDS - and validate it in a cohort of 2,518 patients across five hospitals, showing highly sensitive and accurate performance for BM detection from CT scans.

Wang, Wang, Pan and colleagues uncover a C864–C869 disulfide linkage stimulated by viral RNA that drives RIG-I activation, phase separation and stimulates downstream innate immune signalling.

Lewis acid additive semicarbazide hydrochloride improves the formation of α-phase FAPbI₃-based films and promotes a homogeneous vertical distribution of A-site cations through a deprotonation–reprotonation process. The upgraded device performance reaches up to 26.12% with high stability, and mini-module perovskite solar cells achieving 21.47% (area, 11.52 cm²) demonstrate great scalability.

He et al. report a two-transistor-two-resistor core unit based synaptic kernel with monolithic 3D heterogeneous integration compatibility, showing compelling performance, yield (91.2%), and component uniformity. Synaptic kernel supporting differential weight achieves beyond 85% CIFAR-10 recognition.

Linear scaling relationships often hinder the optimization of heterogeneous catalysts. Now, an intermediate spillover strategy is put forward by designing bi-component catalysts, thereby decoupling elementary electron-transfer steps and circumventing linear scaling relationships.

Electrolyte interactions critically govern battery performance yet lack precise design principles. The authors introduce interaction motif descriptors to design an electrolyte enabling 99.7% Li-metal Coulombic efficiency for 4.5 V batteries.

Here, the authors perform a pan-genome-based genome-wide meta-analysis of six independent GWAS experiments in rice, demonstrating the potential of this approach to increase understanding of the genetic basis of, and genes underlying key rice traits.