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Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

The supply of oxygen species for dynamic therapy is a major limitation. Here, the authors report on a complex of calcium peroxide with photo/chemo dynamic agents, where NIR heating causes the release of calcium peroxide to generate oxygen and hydrogen peroxide for photodynamic and chemodynamic therapy.

Cao and colleagues show that the RNA-binding E3 ligase MKRN2 selectively inhibits the translation of Il6 messenger RNA in activated macrophages.

Recently, the quantum anomalous Hall effect has been successfully achieved in the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBi₂Te₄, but zero-field quantization has proved difficult to achieve due to poor sample quality. Here, the authors report zero-field quantization and chiral edge states in five-septuple-layer MnBi₂Te₄.

The full exploitation of back contact silicon solar cells is crucial to achieve a high performance for potential industrialization. Here, authors incorporate a double-sided light management strategy to reduce optical losses, achieving a total-area efficiency of 27.03% for 350 cm2 solar cells.

High-performance THz electromagnetic shielding is demonstrated using 2D β₁₂-borophene nanosheets embedded in a polymer matrix. At a low loading of 0.1 wt.%, the composite has excellent shielding effectiveness and good mechanical properties.

A product-oriented strategy that leverages the reactivities of different functional groups in real-life plastic mixtures can be used to obtain valuable products, opening a path for managing end-of-life plastic mixtures.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

The REX element is associated with long-range enhancer–promoter interactions.

Neural networks fundamentally dictate function. Here, the authors show thirteen uniquely connected neuron populations within the anterior thalamic nuclei, suggesting multiple parallel subnetworks support its emotional and cognitive functions.

Kidney stone disease is increasing worldwide. Cao et al. perform a cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis of the condition, identifying risk loci and potential causal variants, and construct a cross-population polygenic risk score.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

The enzyme involved in RNA primer removal during ptDNA replication has long remained mysterious. Researchers have now found that PEN1 is responsible for this process, thereby filling a critical gap in our understanding of ptDNA replication.

Dong et al. achieve Sb₂(S,Se)₃ solar cells with 10.7% efficiency by increasing charge generation with a textured electrode and reducing charge recombination and transport loss with a conformal electron-selective layer.

Arginine addiction induced by argininosuccinate synthase (ASSN1) deficiency has been exploited to treat ASS1-deficient cancers. Here, the authors show an alternative therapeutic approach where ASS1 activity is increased by the pesticide spinosyn A and is shown to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation.

The Dark sectioning algorithm removes the background and provides single-frame optical sectioning in fluorescence microscopy. It offers improved quantitative analysis and deep-tissue segmentation accuracy and is compatible to diverse modalities.

An aromatic metallo-annulene, comprising a 15-carbon macrocycle enclosing an osmium complex, with the metal residing within the plane of the macrocycle is reported.

Rajachandran, Xu, and colleagues present PHOTON, a subcellular resolution spatial transcriptomics technology that allows the capturing of RNA information within various subcellular compartments under the native cellular context.

Recent work reported a kagome metal CsCr₃Sb₅ with frustrated magnetism, density-wave-like order at ambient pressure, and superconductivity under pressure. Using first principles calculations, Xu et al. reveal an altermagnetic spin-density-wave ground state at ambient pressure and phase competition with pressure.

Preliminary results from a phase 2a trial involving 71 patients suggest that a new agent, discovered and designed with artificial intelligence assistance, is safe and effective for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Here they identify a selective PRC1.1 inhibitor, iBP, that treats bone loss by improving osteoblast function. iBP releases repression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, enhancing bone formation and repair in aging, trauma, and disease models.

The activation of C-C bond of benzocyclobutenones under mild reaction conditions remains a challenge. Herein, the authors report a photoinduced catalyst-free regio-specific bond cleavage of benzocyclobutenones, enabling the generation of ortho-quinoid ketene methides for aza-[4 + 2]-cycloaddition with imines. Catalytic asymmetric version is also realized with Ni catalysis.

Arousal-modulating neural circuitry remains enigmatic. Here, authors show that the pathway, glutamatergic ventral pallidal neuron→locus coeruleus noradrenergic neuron→the lateral hypothalamus, controls arousal in awake and anesthetized states.

Tracing cellular changes in complex biological systems is challenging. Here, authors present a flexible framework that integrates multi-sample data with in-house algorithms to infer comparative and spatiotemporal cell-gene patterns, advancing understanding of cellular dynamics.

Organic batteries are promising for sustainable energy storage but face challenges in performance and cost. Here, authors develop pressurized organic electrodes with high capacity and durability under practical and extreme conditions, advancing organic batteries toward real-world applications.

General methods to access stereogenic centres of different heteroatoms are limited. Now the nickel-catalysed enantioselective construction of carbon, boron and germanium-centred chiral spirocyclic frameworks via a hetero [2+2+2] cycloaddition of a bis-alkyne with a nitrile is presented.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

An icing forecast hydrogel device encapsulating ice-nucleating proteins colorimetrically predicts ice formation with high accuracy. The device successfully activated a wind turbine deicing system 70 min before ice accumulation.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Tear secretion from lacrimal gland is essential for ocular health, but the regulatory role of sympathetic nervous system is unclear. The authors show that sympathetic activation suppresses lacrimal tear secretion and aggravates dry eye disease via NA–Adra1a–Ucp2 signaling.

Electrostatic effects of separators under internal electric field is crucial for Li metal batteries. Here, authors develop a high dielectric constant fiber separator that shows substantial polarization under electric field to facilitate a robust and low-resistance solid-electrolyte interphase.

This study shows how auditory cortex activation and cognitive function develop during a six-month follow-up after gene therapy in children with congenital deafness.

A multi-observational study including laboratory analysis of the Chang’e-5 mission samples, in situ measurements and orbital datasets determined the high level of maturity and iron content of the Chang’e-5 landing site regolith. Heavily processed by space weathering, it mostly comes from the nearby Xu Guangqi crater, formed 240–300 Myr ago.

Hydrogels are essential for stem cell-based tissue regeneration but struggle with hard tissue repair. The authors report a shell-hardened macroporous hydrogel with spatiotemporally programmed mechanics to enhance stem cell-driven bone regeneration.

Friction and wear cause widespread energy loss and damage. Here, the authors propose a strategy to reduce friction and wear through inducing dynamic electronic density redistribution via alternating electric current.

Sexual dimorphism is a feature of many cancers, but how this functions is often unclear. Here the authors show that in bladder cancer it is regulated by a microbiota–lurasidone–LCN2 circuit that controls the accumulation of a subpopulation of senescence-like neutrophils.