Search

Previous ophthalmic foundation models have struggled to generalize effectively to diverse and rare fundus diseases, restricting their clinical applicability. Here, the authors introduce a vision-language foundation model that demonstrates superior performance in diagnosing both common and rare fundus conditions.

Schizophrenia exhibits significant variability in brain structures, traditionally viewed as static due to heterogeneous subgroups. Here the authors use magnetic resonance imaging data from 1,792 individuals with schizophrenia to reveal that gray matter volume variability is greater in early stages and decreases over time, highlighting dynamic brain alterations with implications for understanding disease progression.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

Induction of hypothermia during hibernation/torpor enables certain mammals to survive under extreme conditions. Here, the authors show that the natural product P57 induces hypothermia by targeting pyridoxal kinase and has a potential application in therapeutic hypothermia.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

The RNA binding protein hnRNPL is recruited to chromatin by the PIK3CB promoter-transcribed non-coding RNA and forms phase-separated condensates, which activates PIK3CB transcription and glycolysis, thus promoting ovarian cancer progression.

Land surface modelling suggests that preserving woody debris in managed forests could remove 769–937 GtCO₂ from the atmosphere between 2025 and 2100.

Kondo interaction can mediate intertwined charge and magnetic orders in 2D d-electron systems. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy, the authors reveal that Fe(I) atoms mediate atomic scale √3x√3 spatial coherence among charge density wave, Kondo physics, and ferromagnetism in the 2D ferromagnet Fe₅GeTe₂.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Arousal-modulating neural circuitry remains enigmatic. Here, authors show that the pathway, glutamatergic ventral pallidal neuron→locus coeruleus noradrenergic neuron→the lateral hypothalamus, controls arousal in awake and anesthetized states.

Self-assembled monolayers targeting wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells are essential to reduce the open-circuit voltage loss. Here, the authors report the stepwise tuning of interfacial energy level through inductive effect, achieving perovskite/TOPCon tandem solar cells with efficiency over 31%.

The role of outer mitochondrial membrane proteins in Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury (MIRI) largely remains unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that the outer mitochondrial membrane protein Myocardial Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling (MAVS) protein promotes MIRI suggesting MAVS protein as potential therapeutic target.

In a phase 1/2 trial in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), followed by a phase 2 trial in an EGFR-mutant selected population, treatment with the TROP2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate sacituzumab tirumotecan led to encouraging clinical response rates, especially in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC, which was supported by mechanistic data.

Luo et al. conducted a multinational cohort study examining the trends in mortality risk among 1,272,495 individuals with incident dementia between 2000 and 2018. There is a consistent decline in mortality risk following dementia diagnosis in the UK, Canada, South Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong, indicating potential advancements in dementia care.

Yuan et al. report a nearly vertical subthreshold swing field-effect transistor consists of a graphene/silicon heterojunction drain and a silicon channel. The device enables nearly hysteresis-free transistors with subthreshold swing of 16 µV dec⁻¹, and a complementary logic inverter with gain of 311.

A strategy that preserves stereochemistry in intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation is reported. An iterative synthetic approach to extend spiro-bridged molecular skeletons via C–H activation–annulation is developed, where the stereoretentive one-shot conversion to form multiple spirocarbon-bridged carbocycles resembles a ‘zipping up’ process.

CRISPR-based detection has long been challenged by the separation of amplification and detection steps. In this study, Cheng et al., show that heparin sodium modulates Cas12 cleavage activity and apply a one pot system to detect clinical influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater.

Different types of correlations in quantum mechanical systems are crucial for quantum information processing. Xu and colleagues determine the sizes of classical correlations, entanglement and other types of quantum correlations in an optical setup.

This study shows how auditory cortex activation and cognitive function develop during a six-month follow-up after gene therapy in children with congenital deafness.

Discectomy-induced ferroptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) contributes to postoperative intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Here, Wang et al. report a therapeutic strategy employing ECM-mimetic hydrogel fillers for delivering NPC-derived exosomes to combat ferroptosis-induced IDD.

The observation of the transition from hcp H₂ to a post-hcp structure with a six-fold larger supercell at pressures above 212 GPa is reported, indicating the trend of H₂ polymerization through molecular association.

Catalytic methods that generate Z-alkenes are rare due to the energetic favourability of the corresponding E-alkenes. Now, a bisphosphine–iron catalyst mediates the multicomponent dialkylation of allenes, using dialkylzinc reagents and alkyl halides, to selectively form functionalized trisubstituted Z-alkenes.

Viral infection diverts metabolic flux from the urea and TCA cycles to the ASS1-driven AAS shunt for fumarate production. Accumulated fumarate boosts IFNβ production and enhances antiviral immunity by activating RLR signalling through MAVS succination.

The catalytic activation of alkyl amines as α-nitrogen carbanions is challenging. Now the activation of N-arylidene-protected alkyl amines as carbanions by chiral ammonium organocatalysis for asymmetric conjugate addition and the Mannich reaction is reported, affording chiral α,α-dialkyl amines.

High-power laser lighting requires stable phosphor-in-glass films, but conventional sintering damages phosphors. Here, the authors develop infrared annealing which enables seconds-scale fabrication, minimizes interfacial damage and retains luminescence.

Inverse electron-demand cycloadditions in palladium catalysis are inherently limited by the linear selectivity in the allylic substitution step. To overcome this issue, the authors report a synergetic iridium (branched-selective) and amine catalysis in [4+2] cycloadditions of vinyl aminoalcohols with carbonyls.

Renewable-powered CO₂ electroreduction offers a sustainable path to mitigate climate and energy challenges. Here, the authors report a non-isothermal strategy to enhance electrochemical performance and leverage the Soret effect to prevent salt precipitation for long term stability.

Biomedical heterogeneous networks offer potentially rich information for computational drug design approaches, but fully labelled multimodal data are rare. To learn useful representations from diverse and unlabelled data, Wang et al. combine multiple self-supervised tasks to train a graph-attention-based model.

Membrane fouling during electrodialysis, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration processes results in a reduction in the dye/salt fractionation efficacy. Here, authors devise an electro-driven filtration process using tight ion-conductive ultrafiltration membrane for one-step, stable dye/salt fractionation.

Chromatin topology can impact gene regulation. Here, Wu et al. show that evolutionary changes in chromatin structure, particularly CTCF loops, can drive distinct transcriptional landscapes and isoform diversity contributing to human-specific traits.

Sun et al. report human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome in 33,250 individuals, which highlights critical growth milestones and distinct maturation patterns and offers a normative reference for development, aging and diseases.

The regulation of perovskite crystallization is essential for achieving efficient solar cells. Here, authors introduce K₂SnO₃ to induce formation of KI and PbSnO₃ with an ABX₃ structure to enhance film uniformity, achieving efficiency of 28.81% for four-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells.

Due to the inert C_Ar–NO₂ bond, direct denitrative substitution reactions with unactivated nitroarenes are challenging. Now, using visible-light irradiation, a strategy has been developed to enable direct aromatic denitrative chlorination. Chlorine radicals can replace the NO₂ moiety in a wide range of unactivated nitroarenes as well as nitroalkenes.

Diatoms are crucial marine microorganisms, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their temperature tolerance remain unclear. This study identifies the heat shock transcription factor PtHSF2 as a key regulator of thermal tolerance and cell size plasticity in Phaeodactylum tricornutum, revealing its role in gene regulation and stress response.

A multi-level ordered structure strategy mimicking biological multi-structural features, concurrently unlocks multiple physical property limits. This new paradigm transcends traditional compositional design strategies to break performance bottleneck.

The synthesis of ionic olefin linked threedimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) is challenging because of the difficulties in forming stable carbon-carbon double bonds. Here, the authors report a general synthesis of an ionic sp² carbon linked COFs and demonstrate selective capture of ReO₄⁻ ions.

A surface charge visualization and standardized quantification method and surface charge tuning is achieved for triboelectric materials, delivering essential tools for contact electrification and high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators.

Here, the authors report a Trident strategy-enhanced generative model able to produce a large volume of high-quality simulated atomic microscopy images, which can be used to automatically resolve the interlayer sliding and twist angle of few-layered van der Waals materials with improved robustness to defects and image quality.

Chen et al. report a large-area white LED with sunlight-like emission by regulating the heterophase γ/σ-CsPb(I/Cl)₃ at nanoscale, in which a fraction of carriers recombines in γ-CsPbI₃ for deep-red emission, while other carriers diffuse to the heterophase interface for broadband emission.

Efficient and durable photoelectrodes are essential for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Here, the authors report a gallium nitride nanowire-on-silicon wafer photoelectrode with gold nanoparticles as a cocatalyst, achieving a 10% photon-to-current efficiency and stability over 800 h.

Merlin plays a crucial role as a tumour suppressor in liver tumorigenesis. Here, the authors show that a splicing variant of Merlin that lacks exons 2,3 and 4 (^Δ2–4Merlin) is highly expressed in hepatocarcinoma and promotes tumour metastasis by interfering with the binding of wild-type Merlin to ß-catenin.

Charge density waves usually cause electrons to become heavier and slow down. Here, the authors find the opposite is true in CuTe and study the phenomenon using advanced q-EELS.