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Previous ophthalmic foundation models have struggled to generalize effectively to diverse and rare fundus diseases, restricting their clinical applicability. Here, the authors introduce a vision-language foundation model that demonstrates superior performance in diagnosing both common and rare fundus conditions.

This work shows an iron molecular catalyst for water oxidation, a critical reaction for renewable energy technologies. The excellent performance of the catalyst is attributed to an intermediate dinuclear structure formed via spin crossover.

Multimodal Large Language Models are energy intensive and computationally demanding. Here, the authors developed a series of lightweight Multimodal Large Language Models deployable on edge devices.

A layered hybrid lead halide intercalated with Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ is assembled through Pb²⁺-carboxylate coordination. The material has broad visible light absorption and drives photocatalytic CO₂ reduction to CO with a quantum yield of ~3.0% at 500 nm.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex are closely linked to depression, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors show that reduction of astrocytic pleiotrophin in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex contributes to depression-like phenotype in male mice.

Hepatitis E virus exists in two forms in patients: naked and quasi-enveloped. Using a new imaging method, the authors found that these forms enter cells through different pathways, directed by interaction of the capsid protein with integrin beta 1.

The electrochemical stability window and Li⁺ transport limit the energy-dense and fast-charging capability of lithium metal batteries. Here, authors report a trifluoride ether-based electrolyte to stabilize energy-dense lithium metal batteries under high current rates.

Gene isoforms are quantified with a machine learning method that optimally integrates long and short sequencing reads.

Water scarcity is a global issue that demands urgent resolution, but current approaches are inadequate. Now a metre-scale atmospheric water harvester, featuring a hygroscopic origami hydrogel panel and a window-like glass chamber, demonstrates exceptional efficiency in extracting water from air, even in extremely arid conditions.

A Dirac quantum spin liquid phase is predicted to have a continuum of fractionalized spinon excitations with a Dirac cone dispersion. A spin continuum consistent with this picture has now been observed in neutron scattering measurements.

An analysis of genomic, molecular and neuroanatomical traits across extant primates reveals early divergence in visual and olfactory systems of major primate lineages consistent with lineage-specific shifts in diel activity and dietary niche, providing support for a sensory ‘reallocation’ hypothesis.

MGAT1 is a glycosyltransferase critical for the synthesis and maturation of complex N-glycans. Here, the authors show that MGAT1 modulation of CD73 glycosylation and function regulates tumor immune response in triple-negative breast cancer.

An implantable ultrasound-induced wireless electrical stimulator and a machine learning-based pain classifier can generate programmable, closed-loop based self-adaptive electrical stimulation to the spinal cord to manage chronic pain.

This study presents an oral CRISPR–Cas9 delivery system that precisely disrupts the TRAP1 gene in colorectal cancer, enhancing chemo-immunotherapy with robust antitumour effects.

P-selectin has been considered as a biomarker of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging. Here, Yang et al. uncovered a new functional role of P-selectin engagement in regulating HSC regeneration and driving stem cell aging when perturbed.

Spectroscopic signatures of magnetic response in topological materials remain very limited. Here, the authors observe a quasi-linear field dependent transverse magnetization and a non-saturating parallel magnetization in a Weyl semimetal TaAs under strong magnetic field, suggesting a signature of relativistic quasiparticles in topological materials.

By resonant excitation of an InAs quantum dot embedded in a microcavity, a deterministic single-photon source is demonstrated. Single-photon purity of 0.9795(6), photon indistinguishability of 0.9856(13), and an overall end-to-end efficiency of 0.712(18) are simultaneously obtained.

The presence of H- near the surface of the Moon, with a local surface density of 0.18+0.04-0.03 cm⁻³, is confirmed by measurements from the Negative Ions at the Lunar Surface (NILS) instrument abord the Chang’E-6 lander.

Germ granules are cellular condensates that enrich gene-silencing factors in reproductive cells. Here, the authors uncover key proteins that anchor germ granules to nuclear pores and show how this spatial organization finetunes small RNA-based gene regulation.

Extraembryonic mesoderm (ExM) is crucial but its formation is unclear. Here, authors develop efficient systems to specify ExM from hESCs and dissect the signaling mechanisms, specification dynamics, and impact of pluripotent states in ExM formation.

China is planning to launch its Tianwen-3 mission, with the purpose of bringing back a sample from Mars, by the end of the decade. This Perspective presents the scientific objectives and architecture of Tianwen-3, including a preliminary selection of landing sites and a description of the Mars Sample Laboratory that will curate the material on Earth.

Our study uncovers a dynamic immunoregulatory role of dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) in the progression and resolution of neutrophilic skin inflammation in an imiquimod-induced psoriatic mouse model. Initially, dWAT undergoes lipolysis and expands preadipocytes (pAds) secreting CXCL1/SAA3 to recruit neutrophils, which amplify inflammation via IL1β and activate pAds through the IL1-NFκB-C/EBPδ pathway. Prolonged IL1β exposure triggers PPARγ-dependent differentiation of pAds into early adipocytes, producing anti-inflammatory lipids that resolve neutrophilic inflammation. We also observed a negative correlation between neutrophil-related inflammatory response with dermal lipogenesis is also observed in human psoriasis. These findings highlight dWAT as an immunomodulatory hub, suggesting adipogenic reprogramming or lipid delivery as novel psoriasis therapies.

In Taxol biosynthesis, the steps leading up to the intermediate baccatin III are understood, however, the final steps remain elusive. Here elucidation of the final steps of Taxol biosynthesis enables the reconstruction of the pathway in yeast and the synthesis of Taxol from baccatin III, paving the way for the biotechnological production of Taxol.

Analysis of pre- and post-chemotherapy samples collected from 22 patients with high-risk neuroblastoma using single-nucleus RNA and ATAC sequencing and spatial omics characterizes therapy-related changes in cell composition and the tumor microenvironment.

The monitoring of vital physiological parameters exemplified by intracranial pressure is of paramount importance. Here, the authors propose an ultrasensitive multimodal biotelemetric system to monitor ICP, respiratory, and heart rate.

Several multi-cancer GWAS loci within the region encoding telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) have been identified. Here, the authors explore the locus within TERT intron 4, link it with a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR), and investigate its biological significance and role in cancer.

The superconductivity in Bernal bilayer graphene that emerges from the spin–orbit coupling induced by proximal tungsten diselenide can be tuned by modulating the twist angle between the two materials.

Circumventing linear scaling relationships in multi-step catalytic reactions is meaningful but challenging. Here, the authors report a method to break this scaling relationship in the oxygen evolution reaction through dynamic regulation of the active site in a Ni-Fe molecular complex catalyst.

Effective models are needed to reduce animal testing. Here, the authors report on an in vitro skin microecology model using a hydrogel-based scaffold that supports stable microbiota growth, resembling natural skin communities, allowing the study of microbiome interactions, skin health, and metabolism.

This paper introduces an oxide-dispersion-strengthening strategy that enables sub-100 μm. high-precision additive manufacturing of copper, thereby addressing the limitations of current processes for microscale technologies.

Future spintronic devices may be based on the transport of electronic spin without an associated charge current in thin film materials. Here, the authors demonstrate the interconversion of spin current at the interface between a normal metal and magnetic insulator via magnon-mediated current drag.

The unique structure and mechanism of chanoclavine synthase (EasC), a haem catalase that uses superoxide for substrate transformation in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis, are revealed in this study, challenging established catalase mechanisms.

Tan and colleagues conducted a single-cell multiomic analysis of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and identified a treatment-resistant subpopulation of bone marrow progenitor-like blasts associated with poor outcomes.

Wu and colleagues show that T_H17 cells arising in the gut in response to segmented filamentous bacteria can convert to highly mobile follicular helper T_FH17 cells, emigrate to the spleen and regulate auto-antibody production and arthritis severity.

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a high-risk obstetrical complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Here the authors discover a uniquely high prevalence of circulating trophoblasts clusters in PAS and explore their diagnostic potential to augment current diagnostic modalities for the early detection of PAS.