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Kra-Dai language family exhibits great linguistic diversity and tremendous socio-cultural importance in East Asia. In this study, the authors found that Kra-Dai languages initially diverged ~4,000 years ago in Southern China coinciding with prehistoric demic and agricultural diffusions likely driven by climate change.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

The authors propose a design that equips a programmable metasurface with integrated capability for sensing and manipulating electromagnetic waves, allowing it to leverage the environmental information to enhance wireless system performance in complex environments.

Cao et al. report an A-site co-doping strategy by substituting Cs+ cation by alkali metals for perovskite quantum wires embedded in nanoporous alumina template, stabilising the crystal structure and enabling high-colour purity LEDs spanning from blue to green spectral region.

The rice pattern recognition receptor—XA21—confers immunity against the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen,Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. This study shows that the intracellular kinase ___domain of XA21 translocates to the nucleus and that this translocation is essential for the XA21-mediated immune response.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

Twisted photonic crystals enable a strong light-matter interaction due to the flatband and high Q factor. Here, authors demonstrate Purcell enhancement between single quantum dots and Moiré nanocavities, with a PL intensity enhancement of about 8.4 times and a Purcell factor around 3.0.

The germline is established during embryogenesis when primordial germ cells are first specified. Here they show that the RNA-binding proteins DND1 and NANOS3 function together to repress the translation of SOX4, restricting the germ cell lineage specification during embryonic development.

Achieving uniform coverage of interfacial layers in perovskite solar cells is challenging, especially over large areas. Li et al. present design guidelines to fabricate these layers with uniform morphology, suppressed defects and improved charge transport.

A method for acetylome profiling requiring a low quantity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was developed, revealing a significant reduction in H4K77ac in aged HSCs, associated with decreased lymphocyte differentiation potential.

The therapeutic applications of disulfidptosis are promising but underexplored. Here, the authors report a strategy for inducing tumor disulfidptosis via interrupting cellular energy supply and reducing power by integrating a copper single-atom nanozyme and glucose oxidase.

SeReNet is an accurate, generalizable, and efficient physics-driven self-supervised reconstruction network for light-field microscopy that enables day-long high-speed 3D intravital imaging of processes including immune responses and neural activity.

It is unclear which intestinal epithelial cell-derived cytokines can precisely regulate intestinal stem cell (ISC) commitment toward specific mature cells. Here, authors identify an epithelial-derived FGF1 driving ISC toward goblet cells.

Targeted deletion of integrin-associated protein CD47 enhances long-term engraftment of human CD34⁺ cells in immunodeficient pigs lacking IL2RG and RAG2, enabling large-scale production of functional human immune cells.

Genetic studies of Chinese individuals have been performed, but mostly with short read sequencing, limiting the types of variants that can be identified. Here, the authors perform long read sequencing of 945 han Chinese individuals, finding structural variants under natural selection and those associated with human traits and evolutionary history.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Atomically thin graphene membranes with sub-1-nm pores show promise for ion/molecular separation, osmotic energy generation, and energy storage. Here the authors present the fabrication of large-area nanoporous atomically thin graphene membranes with narrow pore size distributions and positive charges via a bottom-up molecular anchoring approach.

Here, the authors show that oral administration of an oncolytic reovirus (RC402) elicits robust suppression of multifocal tumor lesions and antitumor immunity through extensive rewiring of the host immunity and the gut microbiome.

A plant kinase mediates symbiotic signalling and suppress host immunity to enable legume–rhizobium symbiosis.

The death of massive stars has traditionally been discovered by explosive events in the gamma-ray band. Liu et al. show that the sensitive wide-field monitor on board Einstein Probe can reveal a weak soft-X-ray signal much earlier than gamma rays.

Ym1, encoding a CC-NBS-LRR type resistance protein, confers defense to wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) infection in roots. Ym1’s function in preventing viral invasion is dependent on its interaction with WYMV coat protein and followed by induction of cell death.

Currently, there is limited understanding of the molecular subtypes of fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, the authors employ integrated genomics and transcriptomics to develop a CpG site-specific methylation signature for the identification of FH-deficient RCC, and to identify three distinct molecular subtypes for this rare but highly lethal kidney cancer.

Approaches to treat inflammatory bowel disease with probiotics or artificial enzymes have advantages and limitations. Here we combine the advantages to overcome the individual limitations by modifying probiotics with artificial enzymes and demonstrate application in treating inflammatory bowel disease.

Foreign nucleic acids trigger innate immune sensors. Bowie and colleagues identify the PYHIN protein IFI16 as an innate duplex DNA sensor that triggers IFN-β production in a STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway.

This study highlights the role Polar regions as a limiting factor in global sustainability due to teleconnection effects, and then propose a SDG target, key indicators, and emphasize Indigenous inclusion and global action.

Neurostimulators are often bulky and uncomfortable. Researchers report a wireless, leadless, and battery-free ultrasound receiver that wraps around the target peripheral nerve and allows precise modulation of organ function, providing a framework for future bioelectronic medicines

Controlling Li nucleation and growth is crucial to avoid dendrite formation. Here, Li₂S(111)@Cu is used as Li metal electrode substrate, where a substrate-dependent Li nucleation process and a facet-dependent growth mode are identified, enabling dense Li deposition and improved battery performance.

It is extremely difficult to separate tritium from radioactively contaminated water. Here the authors introduce catalytic hydrogen isotope exchange to water distillation, realizing excellent detritiation performance.

Multiple genetic loci are associated with lung cancer risk, but the underlying genetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, the authors perform single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analyses of lung cells from ever- and never-smokers; they report candidate cis-regulatory elements that colocalise with candidate causal variants in lung cancer risk loci and potential susceptibility genes.

Arabidopsiscontains multiple mediator proteins that function as transcriptional activators. Here, the authors show that MED18 has roles in plant immunity, control of flowering time and response to hormones, suggesting that mediator proteins control multiple pathways.

Ceramics are typically limited by inherent brittleness and weak deformability. Here, the authors synthesize crystalline/amorphous dual-phase ceramic nanofibers, integrating high strength, superior flexibility, and room-temperature plasticity.

Structural and biochemical studies of the monkeypox virus core protease show that it exists as an active homodimer and indicate that the substrate-binding sites of core proteases are a promising target for antiviral drugs.

Aqueous organic redox flow batteries face challenges due to the low solubility and stability of natural anthraquinones. Here, authors design a cysteine-functionalized aloe-emodin derivative with enhanced solubility and stability, achieving long-cycle life and high efficiency in alkaline flow batteries.

Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.