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In plants and algae, isoamylases drive phytoglycogen-to-amylopectin conversion. Here, the authors show that ISA1 and ISA2 form a heterocomplex that coordinately trims glucan branches to promote starch granule formation, defining a key step in starch biosynthesis.

The mechanism of macrophage cytotoxicity against cancer cells requires further illustration. By employing CRISPR screening in CAR-macrophage and cancer cell co-culture system, the authors identify depletion of ATG9A on cancer cells sensitizes them to macrophage-mediated killing, which can be synergic with CSF1R inhibition in cancer treatment.

Dong et al. achieve Sb₂(S,Se)₃ solar cells with 10.7% efficiency by increasing charge generation with a textured electrode and reducing charge recombination and transport loss with a conformal electron-selective layer.

In large prospectively enrolled validation cohorts of patients with cancer and controls and a prospective study of asymptomatic individuals with average risk for cancer, a multicancer early detection test based on plasma cell-free DNA genomics and fragmentomics showed encouraging accuracy in identifying ongoing disease as well as the tissue of origin.

Currently, there is limited understanding of the molecular subtypes of fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, the authors employ integrated genomics and transcriptomics to develop a CpG site-specific methylation signature for the identification of FH-deficient RCC, and to identify three distinct molecular subtypes for this rare but highly lethal kidney cancer.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Spatial multiomics methods have deepened our understanding of cellular niches within the tumour microenvironment, but deriving clinical insights remains challenging. Here, the authors develop stClinic, a dynamic graph model that integrates spatial multi-slice multiomics data with phenotype data to reveal clinically relevant cell niches in cancer.

The role of outer mitochondrial membrane proteins in Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury (MIRI) largely remains unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that the outer mitochondrial membrane protein Myocardial Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling (MAVS) protein promotes MIRI suggesting MAVS protein as potential therapeutic target.

The therapeutic applications of disulfidptosis are promising but underexplored. Here, the authors report a strategy for inducing tumor disulfidptosis via interrupting cellular energy supply and reducing power by integrating a copper single-atom nanozyme and glucose oxidase.

Aumolertinib is a third generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, approved for use in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, the authors report a phase 2 clinical trial investigating neoadjuvant aumolertinib in patients with unresectable stage III EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

Single-nucleus RNA sequencing can be applied to FFPE tissues, but isolating intact nuclei remains challenging. Here the authors develop a low-temperature enzymatic dissociation strategy for rapid, high-yield and high-fidelity nuclei extraction, and demonstrate its applicability to single-nucleus sequencing of various sample types.

The authors report on acoustic loudness factor (ALF), which can be used to benchmark small-molecule photoacoustic probes, analogous to fluorescence brightness. The ALF enables the direct comparison of probes used for photoacoustic imaging.

A telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of the elite Gossypium hirsutum variety ZM113 provides insights into upland cotton short-season adaptation and identifies a repositioned, satellite repeat-rich centromere.

Recovery from ischemic stroke involves dynamic interactions between immune cells and the brain. Here, the authors show that microglia reduction promotes long-term stroke recovery in mice by expanding reparative macrophages, enhancing vascular repair and white matter integrity.

A large-scale photonic accelerator comprising more than 16,000 components integrated on a single chip to process MAC operations is described, demonstrating ultralow latency and reduced computing time compared with a commercially available GPU.

Absorption and accumulation of atmospheric microplastics by plant leaves occurs widely in the environment.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

The synthesis of acenaphthylene-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has traditionally required multiple sequential synthetic steps, limiting structural diversity. Herein, the authors present a tandem C−H penta- and hexaannulation reaction of aryl alkyl ketone with acetylenedicarboxylate.

Precisely regulating protein folding for biomanufacturing and biomedicine is of great significance but remains challenging. In this work, the authors report a covalent organic framework (COF)-directed protein refolding strategy to modulate protein conformation by rationally designed covalent COFs with adapted pore structures and customizable microenvironments.

Oral drug delivery system has clinical potential for colorectal cancer (CRC) drug therapy but limited by the delivery efficiency when transporting through the formidable intestinal barriers. Here this group reports a Lactobacillus rhamnosus-engineered mesoporous silica nanosystem which effectively penetrates intestinal mucus and epithelial barrier, thereby delivering NO donor BNN6 and cisplatin for in vivo CRC tumor growth inhibition.

The authors report a wet-chemistry-based method to fabricate amorphous, transferable high-k copper calcium titanate thin films as dielectrics for two-dimensional electronic devices.

Aqueous organic redox flow batteries face challenges due to the low solubility and stability of natural anthraquinones. Here, authors design a cysteine-functionalized aloe-emodin derivative with enhanced solubility and stability, achieving long-cycle life and high efficiency in alkaline flow batteries.

Treating myocardial reperfusion injury via nanotherapy is challenging due to clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system. Here, the authors target the spleen to reduce acute heart injury and improve long-term cardiac function via transient IRF7 inhibition.

Samples from 19 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with a combination of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade are profiled with single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to identify factors associated with treatment resistance.

Lfy1 is a maize mutant identified 50 years ago with increased leaf number above the primary ear and later flowering time. Here, the authors reveal that a Copia LTR-retrotransposon insertion leads to enhanced expression of an AAA ATPase encoding gene to give the mutant phenotype.

The competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) presents a major challenge in achieving the selective acetonitrile reduction reaction (ARR) to ethylamine. Here, the authors report halting HER at the Volmer step on a CuO@Cu heterostructure, significantly promoting the selective ARR.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

Deep genome sequencing and comprehensive phenotyping of 294 hexaploid sweet potato accessions reveal the effect of allele dosage on phenotypic variation, offering valuable insights into the breeding history of sweet potato.

Hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds is used industrially to synthesize alcohols for commodity and fine chemical applications, yet traditional thermocatalytic methods employ elevated temperatures and high pressures of H₂. Here high-rate and high-selectivity hydrogenation of acetone to isopropanol over a Fe/Fe₂O₃ nanoarray electrocatalyst is reported under ambient conditions using water as the hydrogen source.

Trapping electromagnetic waves within the radiation continuum has significant implications in lasers and sensing. Here the authors achieved a moiré BIC in a photonic crystal slab, demonstrating simultaneous flat-band dispersing and high-Q features within a wide-angle regime.

Genomic analyses of Citrus species including haplotype-resolved genomes of Citrus sinensis and Citrus aurantium highlight the origin of sweet orange and provide a strategy for de novo domestication of perennial crops.

The molecular mechanisms underlying cancer cell radioresistance need to be elucidated. In this study, the authors show that the microRNA biogenesis factor DGCR8 is stabilized by USP51 and ATM upon irradiation and by consequence it promotes the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and radioresistance by recruiting RNF168 to sites of damage.

Aluminum-ion batteries require stable and efficient cathodes for reversible Al-complex ion insertion. Here, an TiNbCTx MXene is used as a cathode, achieving reversible capacity of 194 mAh·g⁻¹ at 0.2 A·g⁻¹, with 800-cycle stability.

A mechanical exfoliation method for producing freestanding metal oxide ultrathin flakes is reported. The flakes can be transferred and integrated with 2D materials, providing a platform to investigate the fundamental properties of ultrathin metal oxides.

Deglacial permafrost thawing on the Tibetan Plateau generally begins earlier during Weak Monsoon Intervals, unlike in circumarctic regions, potentially contributing to deglacial CO2 rises.

National and international policies have aimed to protect the quality of freshwater by mitigating agricultural nitrogen emissions. However, the nitrogen legacy in groundwater must be accounted for when mitigating the impacts of nitrogen in watersheds.

A variety of metabolic gene clusters exist in eukaryotic genomes. Here, the authors identify a major locus containing a six-gene fatty acid metabolic gene cluster on chromosome 3 and show that it controls rice yield by regulating male fertility.

Zhang et al. report a bulky Schottky junction constructed by interpenetrated macroporous-carbon electrode for hole extraction and perovskite network for electron trapping under X-ray irradiation. The efficient extraction of carriers enables a dry battery-powered portable X-ray radiation alarm.

Robotic applications in complex environments require high-frequency and versatile oscillators. Here, the authors present a pneumatic oscillator that integrates hybrid soft, elastic, and rigid structures. It achieves a maximum frequency of 51 Hz, enabling fast, pre-programmable, and tunable motion patterns.

Zwitterionic hydrogels are nonfouling and hemocompatibility but several key challenges such as weak mechanical strength and low adhesion hamper their application as coating materials for devices. Here, the authors report a microgel reinforced zwitterionic hydrogel with excellent mechanical robustness and anti-swelling properties.

How the carbon stocks of the Arctic–Boreal Zone change with warming is not well understood. Here the authors show that wildfires and large regional differences in net carbon fluxes offset the overall increasing CO₂ uptake.

Lithocholic acid is one of the metabolites upregulated during calorie restriction, and treatment of mice, worms and flies with this bile acid alone can reproduce the health benefits of calorie restriction.