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A large range of inert and non-defective sites in catalysts is a primary factor impeding catalyst activity in acidic CO₂ electroreduction. Here, the authors achieve high HCOOH selectivity and activity in acidic electrolyte by introducing tensile strain to activate inert sites.

Transcription elongation is an essential step for gene expression control but remains unclear during spermatogenesis. Here, the authors report that NKAPL, a testis-specific protein distantly related to RNA splicing factors, is a crucial regulator of transcription pause-release.

The pilot phase of PigGTEx, re-analyzing 5,457 published RNA-seq samples, presents a pan-tissue catalog of molecular quantitative trait loci. Cross-species comparisons identify traits with shared genetic regulation in humans.

In a single-arm phase 2b trial, glecirasib, an oral KRAS-G12C inhibitor, had an overall response rate of 47.9% in patients with locally advanced or metastatic KRAS^G12C-mutated nonsmall-cell lung cancer.

A sequence of a Diels–Alder reaction and oxidation is a powerful route to valuable aromatic compounds. Here, the authors report a more atom-economical oxidant-free strategy involving a Diels–Alder with H₂ evolution under noble-metal-free photoredox conditions.

A hafnium oxide memristor crossbar array integrated with transistors can provide a provable key destruction scheme in which unique physical fingerprints are extracted by comparing the conductance of neighbouring memristors, and can only be revealed if a digital key stored on the same array is erased.

Low-dose electron microscopy has revealed nonclassical beam damage mechanisms and their descriptive models by enabling real-space visualization of radiation-induced structural dynamics in a metal-organic framework.

Analysis of data from the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study comprising mainly of trios and mother–infant pairs reveals novel East Asian-specific genetic associations with maternal bile acid, gestational weight gain and infant cord blood traits.

Achieving atomic control during the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts remains challenging. Here the authors tackle this challenge by applying a liquid-phase atomic layer deposition approach to the synthesis of Cu/ZrO_x clusters on MgO as efficient catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Understanding and controlling morphogenesis is vital for biology and organoid technology. Here, the authors report an efficient biomechanical system to generate gut spheroids, and reveal instability-driven morphogenetic transitions with computational models.

The contact resistance of a junction between graphene and palladium is shown to be strongly affected by carrier transport in graphene underneath the palladium, and is measured to be just two to three times larger than the minimum resistance achievable.

Microcavity polaritons—the bosonic quasiparticles that result from strong light–matter coupling—are observed for the first time in a dielectric cavity containing a monolayer of molybdenum disulphide at room temperature.

Although most patients achieve complete response after standard-of-care treatment, residual disease in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis. Here the authors report the results of a phase 2 trial of toripalimab (anti-PD1) plus capecitabine for patients with residual nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

How aging induces aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) remains unclear. Here, the authors show that aging induces miR-1204 to inhibit MYLK, promoting vascular smooth muscle cells to acquire senescence-associated secretory phenotype, resulting in vascular inflammation, and the aggravation of AAD formation.

Indium selenide semiconductor thin films can be fabricated from a colloidal solution of monolayer nanosheets, and used to create transistors that exhibit electron mobilities of 90–120 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, current on/off ratios of up to 10⁷ and a small current hysteresis.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that affects the skin. Here authors show that CDK9 degradation of retinoic acid receptor α is a vulnerability for CTCL and develop a degrader targeting CDK9 that synergizes with all-trans retinoic acid to reduce CTCL tumor growth.

The cross-population Sum of Single Effects (SuSiEx) model is a robust and computationally efficient method for conducting multi-ancestry fine-mapping of genome-wide association signals, producing smaller credible sets and capturing population-specific causal variants.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Current-driven dynamic atomic rearrangements in layered In₂Se₃ are visualized. The authors identify an intralayer ‘unzipping’ and interlayer ‘zipping’ phase-transition pathway in which bond formation across the van der Waals gaps drives bond cleavage within covalent layers.

Recurrent sporadic mutations are important risk factors for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) but have been primarily investigated in European cohorts. Here, Eichler, Xia and colleagues analyse risk genes in a large Chinese ASD cohort and find novel recurrences of potential pathogenic significance.

Epigenetics plays critical roles in controlling stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Here, Sun et al. show that H1 is intrinsically required in the regulation of germline stem cells in the Drosophilaovary by antagonizing MOF, a histone acetyltransferase specific for H4K16.

Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in China. Here, the authors present results from a large sentinel surveillance scheme from 217 hospitals in all 31 provinces in mainland China, including ~150,000 patients with acute diarrhoea and covering years 2009-2018.

Liu, Xie and colleagues profile putative cis-regulatory elements in mouse oocytes and pre-implantation embryos. They further validate putative enhancers in oocytes and identify the transcription factors TCF3 and TCF12 as key regulators of folliculogenesis.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Here, the authors characterize the utilization of 20 medicinal polysaccharides by 28 human gut Bacteroides and Parabacteroides species, revealing substantial variability in bacterial growth responses, which they link to genomic differences in carbohydrate-active enzymes.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the ___location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

The mechanisms underlying sex differences in response to stress are unclear. Here, the authors show that meningeal lymphatics dysfunction modulates the sex difference in the stress susceptibility to depression- and anxiety-like behaviours in mice.