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Tear secretion from lacrimal gland is essential for ocular health, but the regulatory role of sympathetic nervous system is unclear. The authors show that sympathetic activation suppresses lacrimal tear secretion and aggravates dry eye disease via NA–Adra1a–Ucp2 signaling.

Electrolyte interactions critically govern battery performance yet lack precise design principles. The authors introduce interaction motif descriptors to design an electrolyte enabling 99.7% Li-metal Coulombic efficiency for 4.5 V batteries.

Porphyrins are produced at scale through metabolic engineering and optimization of CPIII purification.

Fabricating high-performance perovskite solar cells under ambient conditions — without strict humidity or atmospheric controls — paves the way for scalable, low-cost photovoltaics. However, achieving such fabrication requires deeper materials insights into how moisture and oxygen influence precursor solution chemistry and guide perovskite film crystallization.

The authors resolved large scale fresh and recirculated submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and their associated nutrient fluxes in China’s coastal seas, revealing a dominant role of SGD in nutrient budgets.

In a prespecified interim analysis of the randomized, double-blind phase 3 COMPASSION-15 trial, patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric/GEJ cancer treated with the anti-PD-L1/CTLA-4 bispecific Ab cadonilimab plus chemotherapy showed significantly improved overall survival compared with patients treated with placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment.

Rooftop photovoltaic systems are often seen as a niche solution for mitigation but could offer large-scale opportunities. Using multi-source geospatial data and artificial intelligence techniques, the authors map their potential for reducing global temperatures and analyse regional differences.

Western boundary currents flow along the western edge of subtropical oceans, transporting heat polewards, and are integral in the climate system. Using high-resolution models, this work shows that western boundary currents will shift shorewards as a result of increased stratification driven by climate change.

This paper presents an artificial intelligence-based model, WenHai, that outperforms state-of-the-art numerical models in terms of forecasting the global eddying ocean.

While water-splitting electrocatalysts enable energy storage in carbon-neutral fuels, a recent challenge has been the discovery and understanding of catalyst active sites. Here, authors find ___domain boundaries in MoS₂ materials to present high-activity, stable, and scalable sites for H₂ evolution.

Conventional Li-ion battery electrolytes often show sluggish kinetics and severe degradation due to high Li⁺ desolvation energies and poor compatibility. Now, a molecular-docking strategy between solvents and inducers has been shown to enable dynamic Li⁺ coordination that promotes fast, stable and high-voltage lithium battery chemistries.

In this study, the authors show that nanovaccines co-delivering EBV antigens and molecular adjuvants generate high levels of neutralizing antibodies targeting vulnerable EBV sites of gHgL, gB and gp42. Antibodies elicited by cocktail nanovaccine immunization provide durable protection against EBV-associated lymphoma.

Using a deep neural network and statistical analyses of atomic force microscopy images of individual RNA molecules enables the mapping of RNA conformational space in solution.

This study shows how amino acid composition and topology in synthetic polypeptides affect anti-inflammatory effects and how scavenging debris nucleic acids inhibits inflammation and relieves symptoms of autoimmune diseases.

The advancement of high entropy alloy development is both rapid and challenging. Here, the authors discover an unusual Sabatier principle operating on the high entropy alloy surface, which leads to a notable enhancement in catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reactions.

Mechanoluminescence enables sensing applications of mechanical stimuli. Here, the authors reveal the importance of interfacial triboelectricity to this phenomenon in inorganic-organic composite materials.

Using a high-resolution model forced under a high emission scenario, the authors find an increase in subsurface marine heatwaves, and in concurrent surface and subsurface marine heatwaves, which can restrict refuge options of marine organisms.

Batteries generally do not perform well at extreme temperatures, and electrolytes are mainly to blame. Here, the authors dissolve fluorinated electrolytes in highly fluorinated non-polar solvents, enabling batteries that can operate at a wide temperature range (−125 to +70 °C).

MatterGen is a model that generates stable, diverse inorganic materials across the periodic table and can further be fine-tuned to steer the generation towards a broad range of property constraints.

This work reports a self-polymerization confinement strategy to develop and synthesize carbon-supported metal catalysts with high metal loading. Efficient Fenton reactivity is observed for samples containing well dispersed iron sites.

This study shows that greenhouse warming intensifies mesoscale thermal coupling in western boundary currents, primarily driven by large-scale sea surface temperature and its warming rate, with key implications for ocean circulation and climate variability.

Hepatitis B virus is an ancient human pathogen that dates back more than 10,000 years. Here, the authors investigate the evolutionary history of the virus in Eastern Eurasia by sequencing 34 genomes dating from approximately 400–5,000 years ago and comparing them with other contemporary sequences.

By day 1,041 after explosion, SN Ia-CSM 2018evt had produced an estimated 0.01 solar masses of dust in the cold, dense shell behind the supernova ejecta–circumstellar medium interaction, ranking it as one of the most prolific dust-producing supernovae ever recorded.

Here, the authors report results from a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial of the tetravalent SARS-CoV-2 protein vaccine SCTV01E, demonstrating a favorable efficacy profile during a time when predominant viral variants were changing from BA.5 and BF.7 to XBB.

Targeted delivery of mRNA using lipid nanoparticles is currently a challenge. Here, the authors examine the composition of LNPs and report changes to the standard formulation can address issues with liver accumulation and allow for increased tissue specific targeting.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of three Allium crops (onion, garlic and Welsh onion) and spatial RNA sequencing provide insights into Allium trait evolution and gene expression patterns during onion bulb formation.

The lunar mantle may have remained reduced, according to the oxygen fugacity of 2.0 Ga Chang’e-5 basalt that is similar to 3.6 − 3.0 Ga Apollo basalts and pyroclastic glasses.

Cycloaddition reactions play a pivotal role in synthetic chemistry for the direct assembly of cyclic architectures. However, hurdles remain for extending the C4 synthon to construct diverse heterocycles via programmable [4+n]-cycloaddition. Herein, the authors report an intermolecular cycloaddition using furan-fused cyclobutanones as a C4 synthon.

The Anaphase Promoting Complex adaptor protein Cdh1 tightly controls cell cycle progression to restrain tumorigenesis but the mechanism is not completely known. Here, the authors show that reciprocal inhibition between Cdh1 and the c-Src signaling pathway regulate breast cancer tumorigenesis.

The DAWN study is a phase 3 clinical trial that demonstrates effective glycemic control of dorzagliatin as an add-on therapy to metfomin in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The SEED study is a phase 3 clinical trial demonstrating a beneficial effect on glycemic control of dorzagliatin, a glucokinase activator, in drug-naive patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Cation solvation in batteries is well understood in bulk solutions but less so at electrode/electrolyte interfaces. This study reveals how external and intramolecular fields affect Li-ion solvation, proposing a dielectric protocol to enhance cation–anion coordination and improve performance in Li-metal pouch cells.

High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) have emerged as new materials in various fields, but their scalable synthesis still remains a challenge. Here, the authors report an ultrafast, one-step method for the continuous synthesis of HEA-NPs based on the thermal plasma jet technology.

Arabidopsis thaliana PIN3 structures reveal the molecular mechanisms of the transport of indole-3-acetic acid and the inhibition of polar auxin transport by N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid.

Studies show climate change will alter the ocean, with increased surface layer kinetic energy. This work, using full ocean depth and high-resolution projections with a high-emission scenario, shows an overall ocean kinetic energy decrease due to a calmer deep ocean with weaker mesoscale eddies.

Community-weighted mean foliar stable carbon isotope signatures are mainly affected by environmental factors in meadow and typical steppes, and by leaf traits in desert steppes, according to field measurements in three steppe types along a moisture gradient in Inner Mongolia.