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A thin-film engineering method is employed to preserve high pressure solids in diamond capsules at ambient conditions, enabling tunable preserved pressures, controllable particle size, atomic-scale characterization, and potential large-scale uses.

Complex traits present challenges for gene mapping and molecular characterization. Here, the authors develop a 16-generation intercross line of chickens to explore the genetic architecture of complex traits in chicken.

Torpor is an adaptive hypometabolic state in response to energy scarcity. Here, Cheng et al. show that catecholaminergic neurons in the ventrolateral medulla induce torpor in mice by lowering body temp and heart rate (heart rate decline precedes cooling).

Few-layer-thick 2D materials offer desirable electronic, thermal and mechanical properties, but their large-scale layer-controlled synthesis is still challenging. Here, the authors report an edge-feeding synchronous epitaxial growth method to synthesize homogeneous A3-sized graphene films with controlled thickness between 2 and 7 layers.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

Mechanisms confer to the enhanced cold tolerance in japonica rice have not been fully elucidated. Here, the authors report a homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) I transcription factor encode gene CTB5 is responsible for japonica rice cold tolerance by interacting with genes in gibberellin and abscisic acid pathways.

Previous ophthalmic foundation models have struggled to generalize effectively to diverse and rare fundus diseases, restricting their clinical applicability. Here, the authors introduce a vision-language foundation model that demonstrates superior performance in diagnosing both common and rare fundus conditions.

Gastric Squamous Cell Carcinoma (GSCC) is a rare subtype of gastric cancer with unknown etiology. Here, the authors identify frequent mutations in epigenetic regulation genes including EZH2 in twenty GSCC patient samples, and demonstrate that EZH2 loss, along with TP53 and PTEN loss, leads to GSCC in mouse models.

The authors make local heterogeneous dipolar structures in PbHfO3-based antiferroelectric ceramics, which exhibit a recoverable energy density of 20.04 J cm⁻³ accompany with an efficiency of 90.5%.

Chiral emission from collective guided modes is demonstrated within a photonic crystal slab, showing an example of collective oscillations in the momentum space.

Formation of a stable self-assembled monolayer for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells remains a challenge. Here uniform and stable SAM anchoring is achieved on a hydroxylated indium tin oxide surface, leading to highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.

Marine mercury, from atmospheric Hg0 /HgII deposition, threatens ecosystems. Isotope studies proposed 1:1 HgII/Hg0 ratios but ignored spatial variability. Here, a 3D isotope model reveals HgII deposition exceed Hg0 by >2:1, revising mercury budgets.

Understanding past warming events is essential to project the consequences of anthropogenic carbon emissions. Here, carbon and hydrological cycle changes of the Carnian Pluvial Episode are revealed, offering insights into Earth System functioning.

Peptidoglycan fragments derived from gut bacteria modulate aspects of the host’s health. Here, Li et al. profile peptidoglycan fragments in the host gut and show that one of them, the disaccharide GlcNAc-MurNAc, acts as a mild TLR4 agonist and protects against gut inflammation.

The role of vascular plasticity in brain function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a significant portion of blood vessels in the adult brain periodically occlude and regress, a process that is associated with a reduction in neuronal activity.

A product-oriented strategy that leverages the reactivities of different functional groups in real-life plastic mixtures can be used to obtain valuable products, opening a path for managing end-of-life plastic mixtures.

Super spreading events are considered important contributors to the spread of COVID−19, but the extent to which superspreading varies by transmission setting is unclear. Here, the authors demonstrate heterogeneity in superspreading and the generation interval between COVID−19 cases in different settings using data from Hong Kong.

Su et al. report that the super-enhancer K5aSE orchestrates Klf5andadditional targets via 3D chromatin interactions in ES cells, with CTCF-mediated chromatin domains maintaining this regulatory network essential for ES cell identity.

A receptor–kinase module involving KOIN and CRPK1 integrates membrane trafficking and kinase signalling to mediate cold-induced root growth inhibition in Arabidopsis via the 14-3-3–CBF3–SHR pathway.

Phytochrome photoreceptors are master regulators of plant development. This paper describes 3D structures of soybean phytochrome A in both Pr (inactive) and Pfr (signalling) states, revealing changes that might transmit the light signal to the cell.

Liver transplantation can be an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, however, outcomes can be variable. Here, the authors use multi-omics to develop subgroups and identify a CAF-related classification.

In large prospectively enrolled validation cohorts of patients with cancer and controls and a prospective study of asymptomatic individuals with average risk for cancer, a multicancer early detection test based on plasma cell-free DNA genomics and fragmentomics showed encouraging accuracy in identifying ongoing disease as well as the tissue of origin.

Broad and potent neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants can be efficiently identified via accurate deep-mutational-scanning-based prediction of viral evolution and delivered to mice using mRNA–lipid nanoparticles.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

The Dark sectioning algorithm removes the background and provides single-frame optical sectioning in fluorescence microscopy. It offers improved quantitative analysis and deep-tissue segmentation accuracy and is compatible to diverse modalities.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

A method for acetylome profiling requiring a low quantity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was developed, revealing a significant reduction in H4K77ac in aged HSCs, associated with decreased lymphocyte differentiation potential.

A plateauing δ¹⁸O-δ³⁴S trend in a set of sedimentary barite samples may offer a robust proxy for seawater δ¹⁸O values in the past. Data from six Phanerozoic periods suggest a ~ 4‰ rise in the δ¹⁸O_seawater since the Carboniferous.

Here the authors report asperigimycins, fungal ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides with a heptacyclic scaffold. After chemically modifying them for nanomolar anticancer activity, CRISPR screening identifies SLC46A3 as a key transporter for their uptake in cells.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from computed tomography could significantly contribute to guiding lung cancer surgery, but requires comprehensive clinical validation. Here, the authors test the effectiveness of an AI-driven 3D reconstruction system for lung cancer surgery in a retrospective, multi-center, multi-reader, multi-case study.

The microglia–neuron interactions contributing to neuronal hyperexcitability are unclear. Here, the authors show how GABA and C3 signaling coordinate microglial engulfment of inhibitory synapses, driving excitatory–inhibitory imbalance and neuronal hyperexcitability in epilepsy.

Understanding the genetic factors that regulate panicle architecture is important for improving rice yields. In this study, Li et al. demonstrate that the gene PTB1is critical for regulating panicle seed setting rate and pollen tube growth.

The quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnet Co_1/3NbS₂ was recently reported to have a significant anomalous Hall effect. However, its controversial spin configuration has presented challenges in understanding the physical mechanism behind the AHE. Here, through an array of experimental probes, Gu, Peng and coauthors verify an intrinsic k-space Berry curvature as origin of the spontaneous Hall effect, and elucidate the ___domain-related magnetic reversal behaviours.

A clinical study of women with abnormal breast mammograms establishes a workflow to evaluate the capability of breast photoacoustic computed tomography in the classification, monitoring and segmentation of lesions.

Genetic basis of the drought tolerance of upland rice is unclear. Here, the authors report the cloning of a COBRA-like protein encoding gene DROT1 and reveal that it is repressed by ERF3 and activated by ERF71 to help control the balance between growth and drought tolerance in upland rice.

An RNA codon-expansion strategy enables incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into proteins of interest orthogonally to existing methods by inserting pseudouridine codons into specific mRNA transcripts and using an engineered decoder tRNA.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from 3,023 human genomes from mainland Southeast Asia identifies high genetic heterogeneity among populations in the region and many unique small and structural variants.

Understanding how copper nanoparticles evolve under electrochemical conditions is crucial for the development of selective CO₂ reduction electrocatalysts. Here the authors prepare well-defined nanocrystals and use advanced operando imaging and spectroscopic techniques to reveal the Cu–CO species-driven dynamic evolution of Cu electrodes.

A suite of bridged rhodamine dyes (BriDyes) offers excellent brightness, solubility, photostability, and tunable cell permeability along with resistance to photoblueing, making them exceptional all-purpose dyes for fluorescence biomaging.

Here the authors use genetic mutations to alter TCR signal strength and clonal selection of exhausted CD8⁺ T cells. They implicate CARD11 signaling as a sensor of this TCR signal strength and as a regulator of antitumor function in exhausted T cells that might be targeted to enhance cancer immunotherapies.

Weakly space-confined, large-grained crystals of all-inorganic perovskite were used to fabricate light-emitting diodes with a high external quantum efficiency and operational stability.

A superconducting diode bridge based on superconducting diodes can function as a full-wave rectifier with an efficiency up to 42 ± 5%, and can offer alternating current to direct current signal conversion capabilities at frequencies up to 40 kHz.

In this work, authors convert fallen leaves into energy harvesters using hygroscopic iron hydrogel, achieving continuous power generation from moisture. The device delivers high current density and power output with potential for lower environmental impact compared to alternative harvesters.

A novel covalent inhibitor, ISM3312, targets the main protease of multiple human coronaviruses, including drug-resistant strains, and shows broad antiviral activity. It offers a promising therapeutic strategy against current and future coronavirus threats.

T cell responses can be generated to either pathogen infection or from priming with a vaccine. Here the authors compare T cell generation, phenotype and single cell transcriptome of participants vaccinated with a mpox vaccine or infected with the virus showing that the virus induced T cells showed more effective function and phenotype.

Commonly used opioids for pain management primarily target the mu opioid receptor. However, mu opioid receptor agonists often come with harmful side effects. Here, the authors report the results of two phase 3 trials of HSK21542 (anrikefon), a highly selective activator of peripheral kappa opioid receptor agonists, for postoperative pain treatment following abdominal surgery.