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A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by a disruption in the balance between bone resorption and formation. Here, the authors identified high levels of lipid raft-related stomatin in osteoporosis patients and ovariectomized mice and demonstrate a mechanism by which it drives bone resorption.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

By engineering the eukaryotic-derived Fanzor2-ωRNA system, Wei, Gao, Pan, Li and Chen developed a compact genome editor enNlovFz2, which demonstrated efficient genome-editing activity in vitro and in vivo, with a broad target-adjacent motif scope.

Currently, there is limited understanding of the molecular subtypes of fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, the authors employ integrated genomics and transcriptomics to develop a CpG site-specific methylation signature for the identification of FH-deficient RCC, and to identify three distinct molecular subtypes for this rare but highly lethal kidney cancer.

Polydienes are essential in industry but rely on a complex synthesis involving catalysts and solvents. Now it is shown that photo-melt-bulk polymerization enables the solvent- and catalyst-free synthesis of controlled high-molecular-weight polydienes by combining chain growth and the coupling of stable biradicals, advancing sustainable materials development.

A repurposed non-haem, iron-based dioxygenase enables the stereoconvergent reduction of alkenes with excellent selectivity. Mechanistic studies support an iron hydride pathway and reveal the molecular mechanism of stereoconvergence.

Early-onset lung cancer in young adults remains poorly studied. Here, the authors analyse the clinicopathological, molecular, and immune features of early-onset non-small cell lung cancers in a cohort of 421 patients across ten medical centres in China, identifying potential therapeutic strategies for this subgroup.

The acetylene hydrogenation activity and stability of a palladium single-atom catalyst are both controlled by the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the oxide support.

Unveiling structure-activity correlations is essential in catalysis science. Here, the authors report the structural evolution of Ni-based pre-catalysts during the reaction and demonstrate how sub-nanometric variations affect catalytic performance in the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction.

One effector of wheat disease pathogen is found to prevent the entry of thioredoxin into chloroplast. This disrupts the thioredoxin-mediated monomerization of STAYGREEN, a key regulator of senescence, and thereby suppresses plant defense responses.

MEMS gravimeters are compact and cost-effective but face challenges in achieving ultra-high sensitivity due to fabrication tolerances and size limitations. Here, authors introduce a μGal MOEMS gravimeter with locally adjustable free-form anti-springs, achieving picometer-level displacement sensitivity.

Electrosynthesis of n-propanol from CO has been limited by poor selectivity and low product concentration. Here a Sn–Cu catalyst/carbon/ionomer heterojunction is prepared where the adjacent atomic active sites favour the coupling of C₁ and C₂ intermediates to C₃ product with 47% Faradaic efficiency and the reversal of electro-osmotic drag concentrates the product to 30 wt%.

The use of quantum simulators for studying non-equilibrium quantum transport has been limited. Here the authors demonstrate the steady quantum transport between many-body qubit baths on a superconducting quantum processor, revealing insights into pure-state statistical mechanics for nonequilibrium quantum systems.

This study reports on biologically sourced polymuconate polymers with weakened C–C backbone bonds, designed for closed-loop chemical recycling to monomers. Synthesized via free-radical polymerization, these materials achieve tunable mechanical properties comparable to those of commercial plastics. A techno-economic analysis shows that recycling significantly reduces costs and environmental impacts, enhancing the competitiveness of these polymers in the sustainable plastics market.

Deep vein thrombosis after trauma (pt-DVT) patients undergo metabolic changes but a comprehensive characterization in humans is lacking. Here the authors integrate metabolome and proteome to reveal pt-DVT-related metabolic alterations and their function, and reveal potential biomarkers.

Microwave technology is crucial for communications and high-speed electronics. Wang et al. now use nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond to measure the strength and orientation of the magnetic component of a microwave electromagnetic field on the nanoscale.

The effects of sex and androgens on the molecular programs and cellular populations are explored using a single-cell transcriptomic atlas comprising over 2.3 million cells from different tissues in Mus musculus.

‘Gastric cancer metastasis to the ovary is difficult to treat and is not fully understood. Here, the authors characterized mutations in a cohort of matched primary and metastatic disease, and found mutations, including in CLDN18, could predict treatment response to paclitaxel.

Quantum speed limits are fundamental constraints on the speed of quantum state evolution. Here, the authors observe the known maximal quantum speed limits for few and many-body states on a superconducting quantum processor and identify the minimal quantum speed limits, which are less common than maximal ones.

The authors of this manuscript identify that Gpr54 activation by its natural ligand Kisspeptin-10 can abrogate bone resorption. Mechanistically, Gpr54 recruits both active Src and the Dusp18 phosphatase, which causes Dusp18 to dephosphorylate Src at Tyr 416.

Neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy represents a therapeutic option for resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here the authors report the results of a phase II trial of neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin in resectable locally advanced HNSCC.

Universal properties have previously been observed mostly in the equilibrium physics of many-body systems in the low-energy and low-temperature regime. Now universality is observed at high temperature in the spin dynamics of a solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance system.

Free-standing nitrogen-doped amorphous monolayer carbon consisting of mixed five-, six- and seven-membered rings was prepared through the polymerization of pyrrole within the confined interlayer cavity of a removable layered-double-hydroxide template.

Designing photocatalysts to enhance the efficiency of non-oxidative coupling of methane is a challenging task. Here, the authors report that the anatase TiO₂ with exposed {101} facets and Pd co-catalyst enables efficient and selective methane coupling to ethane via a heterogeneous-homogeneous hybrid reaction pathway.

GPRC5D is an atypical Class C orphan GPCR and an attractive target for therapeutic interventions. Here, the authors present the cryo-EM structure of the human GPRC5D and scFv complex, and elucidate the precise antibody binding mode and recpetor dimerization interface.

Wheat E3 ubiquitin ligase TaPIR1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of an atypical transcription factor TaHRP1 alters PhANGs expression to disrupt chloroplast function and ROS accumulation, increasing plant susceptibility to wheat stripe rust.

MXenes are two-dimensional materials with promising applications, but their oxidation mechanisms under electrochemical conditions are poorly understood. Here, the authors use theoretical simulations to investigate how the oxidation of MXenes is influenced by the electrode potential.

This study identifies Basal-B cells as a transient cell state during prostate homeostasis and androgen-mediated regeneration. These cells exist in humans and increase in number with prostatitis and inflammation.

Recent studies have reported the exceptional plasticity of InSe van der Waals crystals, but their deformation-correlated lattice dynamics remains unexplored. Here, the authors investigate the correlations of plastic interlayer slip, lattice anharmonicity and thermal transport in β-InSe crystals via neutron scattering techniques.

Congenital vertebral malformation has a complex genetic architecture that isn’t fully understood. Here, the authors explore the genetic architecture of congenital vertebral malformation through case-control rare variant genetic analyses and embryonic transcriptome analyses of the developing spine.

The migration and hygroscopicity of lithium salt in doped spiro-OMeTAD hampers the device efficiency of perovskite solar cells. Here, the authors employ Eu(TFSI)₂ salts to generate superoxide radical for facile pre-oxidation, achieving enhanced efficiency and stability of solar cells and modules.

N-Myc fuels neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Here, the authors describe how targeting HSP70, a major N-Myc partner, coordinates with STUB1 to facilitate the degradation of N-Myc. This process slows neuroendocrine prostate cancer growth, improves the efficacy of Aurora Kinase A inhibitors, and reduces neuroendocrine pathway activity.

A repeated on–off high-temperature shockwave is shown to be a generalizable way of efficiently synthesizing and stabilizing single atoms at high temperatures.