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ACSS2 catalyzes the conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA. Here, authors show that ACSS2 regulates iron metabolism and ferroptosis in alcoholic liver disease by modulating the histone acetylation of HAMP1/2.

Propagation losses have limited the practical use of polaritons in photonic applications. Here the authors demonstrate a substantial enhancement in the propagation distance of phonon polaritons, employing synthetic optical excitation of complex frequency with virtual gain synthesized by combining multiple real frequency measurements.

Chen, Zhou, Xue et al. show that psychological stress leads to noradrenaline release and Alkbh5 downregulation, causing the transfer of extracellular vesicles containing m⁶A-modified RNAs to neurons to regulate innervation and pancreatic cancer development.

Aberrant activation of autoreactive T cells is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases. Here, by analysing CD4 T cells from patients with polymyositis and mice with experimental autoimmune myositis, the authors show that TIGIT limits the differentiation of inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells via a metabolic-epigenetic mechanism, which involves the inhibition of CD28-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR costimulatory signaling.

The methyltransferase OsPRMT6b is found to act as an ABA responsive factor to finely turn down ABA signaling via methylation of ABA receptor, thus facilitating growth recovery as high-temperature stress subsides.

Thermogenic proteins like PGC1α are downregulated under thermal stress, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that chaperone-mediated autophagy, regulated by PARK7, controls PGC1α stability and BAT function at thermoneutrality.

In large prospectively enrolled validation cohorts of patients with cancer and controls and a prospective study of asymptomatic individuals with average risk for cancer, a multicancer early detection test based on plasma cell-free DNA genomics and fragmentomics showed encouraging accuracy in identifying ongoing disease as well as the tissue of origin.

Human NPCs show promise for stroke treatment, but challenges remain in neuron diversity and maturation time. Here, the authors describe the generation of FOXG1 progenitors from iPSCs that quickly mature into functional cortical neurons, enhancing stroke recovery in rats.

It is generally more difficult to modify the buried interfaces compared to top interfaces in tin-lead perovskite subcells. Here, the authors employ a mercapto-functionalized mesoporous silica layer as a superstructure, realizing maximum efficiency of 29.6% for double-junction tandem solar cells.

Multimodal large language models are shown to develop object concept representations similar to those of humans. These representations closely align with neural activity in brain regions involved in object recognition, revealing similarities between artificial intelligence and human cognition.

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a prevalent and complex disorder in older adults. Guo et al. identify human antigen R as a regulator of ARHL in aged mice and demonstrate that cochlear human antigen R overexpression alleviates ARHL, highlighting it as a therapeutic target for the condition.

Here the authors uncover an epigenetic mechanism regulating pancreatic β-cell adaptation during pregnancy in mice involving ACSS2 and STAT3 coordinated histone acetylation. These findings provide clues into gestational diabetes mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.

The Dark sectioning algorithm removes the background and provides single-frame optical sectioning in fluorescence microscopy. It offers improved quantitative analysis and deep-tissue segmentation accuracy and is compatible to diverse modalities.

Sustainable management of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is essential for advancing organic waste treatment towards resource-oriented processes, but the molecular complexity of DOM hinders the understanding of the underlying biochemical processes. Here, the authors use ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry to explore the molecular transformation of DOM in anaerobic digestion.

Metal-catalyzed hydrosilylation of alkynes is a promising method for synthesizing alkenylsilanes, though achieving precise regio- and stereo-control on unsymmetrical internal alkyne remains challenging. Here the authors show a regioselective and stereodivergent Ru-catalyzed hydrosilylation.

LipidIN is an advanced framework designed for flash platform-independent lipid annotation. Featuring a comprehensive 168.5-million lipid fragment library with the intelligent models, LipidIN improves annotation accuracy, speed, and coverage.

The authors realize s helicity switching of hybrid skyrmions in [Pt/Co]₃/Ru/[Co/Pt]₃ multilayers using spin-orbit torque and thermal effects, enabling motion reversal. This method advances skyrmion-based spintronic devices for data storage and quantum computing.

Preclinical studies have shown synergy in the combination of tifcemalimab (anti-BTLA antibody) with toripalimab (anti-PD-1 antibody) in lymphoma. Here, the authors report a clinical trial investigating tifcemalimab alone and in combination with toripalimab in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has limited dietary treatment options. Here, the authors show that torularhodin, a microbial carotenoid, alleviates NAFLD by enriching Akkermansia muciniphila and promoting adenosylcobalamin synthesis, which reduces ceramides via HIF-2α inhibition.

A selective shielding strategy achieves the differentiation and quantification of distinct plasmonic photocatalytic mechanisms including hot carrier-driven photochemistry, resonant field-mediated energy transfers, and thermal contributions.

Combination immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 and anti-LAG-3 antibodies has shown anti-tumor effects across various cancers, however not all patients respond. Here the authors report that resistance to anti-LAG-3 plus anti-PD-1 therapy in head and neck cancer is mediated by the interaction of Sox9+ tumor cells with Frp1+ neutrophils, resulting in impaired anti-tumor immunity.

Both the pyrroloindoline core and N–CF3 moiety hold significant importance in medicinal chemistry. Herein, the authors present a simple approach to assembling such intriguing skeletons from tryptamine-derived isocyanides through a cascade sequence, which includes an oxidative trifluorination and a subsequent halogenative cyclization.

Polymer electrolytes are promising but are limited by narrow electrochemical window. Here, authors develop a family of in situ polymerized gel electrolytes with long term stability up to 5.0 V and develop a non-destructive life extension strategy through freezing the cells.

A scenario analysis explores how China, the largest global aquaculture producer, can boost food production, reduce eutrophication and lower carbon dioxide emissions by adjusting growth rates and supporting structural transformations of different aquaculture production systems.

Chiral metamaterials present interesting ways to manipulate and distinguish between different circular polarizations of light. Zhanget al. realize chiral metamaterials that exhibit photoinduced switching between left- and right-handed circular polarization interactions at terahertz frequencies.

Biaryl compounds with an axial chirality are valuable architectures but few methods have been developed for the construction of bridged biaryls, a subclass of these compounds that bear a tether to connect the two arenes and form a medium-sized ring. Here, the authors design a Co/SPDO-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling/desymmetrization sequence of prochiral phenols for the enantioselective synthesis of biaxial bridged m-terphenyls embedded in an azocane.

Non-Abelian topological charges and edge states in a PT-symmetric transmission line network are experimentally observed, and a non-Abelian quotient relation for the bulk–edge correspondence is found.

Accurate localization of abnormalities is crucial in the interpretation of chest X-rays. Here the authors present a deep learning framework for simultaneous localization of 14 thoracic abnormalities and calculation of cardiothoracic ratio, based on large X-ray dataset with bounding boxes created via a human-in-the-loop approach.

Instability is a key challenge in aqueous sodium-ion batteries. Here, authors propose a Na-rich birnessite with high Na content and minimal Mn defects, suppressing Mn migration and its accompanying domino degradation effect, which enables a wide potential window and improved structural stability.

Glioma is a complex disease, and prognosis can depend on clinical, genomic and radiological information. Here, the authors develop a multimodal fusion subtyping model to integrate data modalities for predicting glioma subtypes.

Until now, invisibility cloaks have only covered a region of a few wavelengths because of their nanostructured materials. Chenet al.describe a macroscopic cloak, made of calcite birefringent crystals, which works for a specific polarization at visible wavelengths.

Directional emission of photoluminescence is an emerging technique for light-emitting fields and nanophotonics. Here, the authors demonstrate a hydrogel grating with integrated quantum dots for switchable unidirectional emission tuning.

Metamaterial analogues of electromagnetically-induced transparency provide interesting optical components and applications. By actively tuning the dark mode of a metamaterial, Guet al. optically control its electromagnetically-induced transparency, showing tunable group delay of terahertz light.

Current seasonal flu vaccines hardly protect against emerging H5N1 such as clade 2.3.4.4b circulating in cattle. Here, the authors show that a single intranasal immunization of DelNS1-H5N1 vaccine candidates provides effective protection and sustained immunity against highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses.

The patterning of perovskites faces stringent and complex fabrication processes. Here, authors realize erasable patterns based on mix-halide perovskite films via a direct photo-patterning technique, yielding multi-level pattern encoding technology.

The development of catalysts for practical asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones remains an important goal of synthetic organic chemistry. Here, an anionic iridium catalyst with excellent activity is reported and used in a hundred-kilogram-scale reduction as part of a route to chiral nicotine.