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Nerve fibers relaying pain information from peripheral organs are normally supported by specialized glial cells called nonmyelinating Schwann cells. Here, the authors show that a secreted factor, SEMA3B, promotes nerve fiber-Schwann cell interactions necessary for suppressing pathological pain.

Sun, Fu, Zheng, Hong, Liu et al. generate a single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the primate cochlear aging, identifying an age-related decline in Slc35f1 and showing that silencing Slc35f1 in mice induces hair cell degeneration and auditory deficits.

By engineering the eukaryotic-derived Fanzor2-ωRNA system, Wei, Gao, Pan, Li and Chen developed a compact genome editor enNlovFz2, which demonstrated efficient genome-editing activity in vitro and in vivo, with a broad target-adjacent motif scope.

An endohedral metallofullerene–polymer layer, which features ultrafast electron extraction and in situ encapsulation, improves the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.

Altermagnets combine the spin splitting of ferromagnets and the magnetic ordering of collinear antiferromagnets. These technologically promising features have led to an aggressive search for altermagnetic materials. Here, Regmi et al synthesize CoNb₄Se₈, a layered intercalated material, and confirm altermagnetism via a combination of neutron and magnetotransport measurements and DFT calculations.

Closed pores govern sodium-ion storage performance of hard carbon negative electrodes. Here, authors link pore mouth size evolution of the closed pores to the solvation structure and propose design principles for optimizing both closed pores and intrinsic defects.

The precise control and transition between multiple stochiometric phases is challenging. Here, the authors grow and characterize four wafer-scale stoichiometric phases of a Pd-Te binary compound through a sequential multi-step nucleation process.

Attempts to extend the range of reversible intercalation stoichiometries in selenides are promising but challenging. Here, authors report a reversible controlled superstoichiometric intercalation in NbSe₂ with up to two copper-ions per molecule by triggering anionic redox.

Cheng et al. identify a mitochondrial complex IV (CIV) deficiency in the brains of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). They demonstrate that defects in mitochondrial CIV induce ALS-like phenotypes in rats and highlight CIV deficiency as a potential risk factor and therapeutic target for ALS.

This study reports the horizontal gene transfer of CSP genes from bacteria to Triticeae, promoting the adaptation and spread of wheat through enhanced drought tolerance and photosynthetic efficiency.

Spontaneous parthenogenesis in sunflower has been used to develop a scalable doubled haploid breeding system.

A hydrated lunar mineral, (NH₄)MgCl₃·6H₂O, is found in Chang’e-5 samples. The presence of abundant water and ammonium molecules on the Moon provides insight into the lunar degassing history and a potential resource for lunar habitation.

Based on MODIS chlorophyll data of 2002-2022, this study reveals that the chlorophyll-rich tongue in the equatorial Pacific is extending westward, likely a result of internal variability related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. The findings imply a broader cover of productive water along the equator, which may greatly impact the tropical climate and ecosystems.

Low current densities can be used modulate the magnetism of Co₃Sn₂S₂—a magnetic Weyl semimetal—via spin-transfer-torque-assisted ___domain wall motion.

Organic memory devices, with small dimension, fast speed and long retention are promising candidates for data archiving. Here, the authors present a molecular hard-disk logic scheme capable of executing in-situ encryption of data in pW/bit power-consumption range.

Different deubiquitinases are associated to cancer development. Here, the authors show that PPARgamma is stabilized by USP22-mediated deubiquitination leading to lipid accumulation and promoting hepatocellular carcinoma.

Here, the authors report the direct growth of periodic arrays of 2D semiconductor ribbons by exploiting the step edges of high-miller-index Au facets, showing potential for 2D electronic devices. The synthesized ribbons could also be merged to obtain wafer-scale single-crystal monolayers.

A new seahorse genome and the re-sequenced genomes of 21 other species shed new light on the evolutionary origin and global dispersal routes of seahorses, and show that bony spines—a key adaptation against predation—probably evolved multiple times via independent substitutions in the bmp3 gene.

Oxygen electrocatalysis is at the heart of a range of clean energy technologies, but the best-performing electrocatalysts rely on precious metals. The authors demonstrate a carbon catalyst design with embedded high-entropy 3d transition metal single atoms that shows excellent catalytic activities.

Water electrolysis is a promising hydrogen production technique but is restricted from large-scale application due to poor performance and high cost. Here, the authors report a mechanically stable monolith electrocatalyst that achieves superior hydrogen evolution at large current densities.

Hydrogen production from water provides one avenue toward harnessing renewable energy, although large-scale implementation remains a challenge. Here, authors explore roles of morphology and surface chemistry, and develop efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution at high current densities.

Comparative analysis of whole-genome sequencing of six zokor species that live at different altitudes show the contribution of deletions and inversions to adaptation to high altitude in these subterranean rodents.

Using cryogenic electron microscopy, Gao et al. uncovered how CFTRInh-172 inhibits CFTR function by binding in its pore and allosterically inhibiting its gating. Their findings could pave the way for structure-based drug design for the treatment of secretory diarrhea and polycystic kidney disease.

‘Light-based bioprinting is employed in the fabrication of complex constructs but achieving high resolution remains challenging due to light scattering effects. Here, the authors develop a photoinhibiting additive which suppresses light scattering and demonstrate printing of functional scaffolds

Electrochemical methods are promising for monitoring neurochemical dynamics, but are limited by inflammation effects from electrode implantation. Here, the authors report the development of a single-atom catalyst that acts both as an antioxidative nanozyme and an electrode material for the inflammation-free sensing of dopamine in the brain.

Aqueous batteries with multivalent-ion storage chemistry offer higher theoretical capacity than monovalent-ion. Here, authors report divalent copper intercalation into vanadium disulfide with additional copper redox that provides higher capacity than intercalation transition metal redox alone.

A family of single-atom catalysts synthesized by intercalating metal single atoms into the van der Waals gap of two-dimensional SnS₂ is reported. The materials are applied as hydrogen evolving catalysts with good durability and overpotential.

The application of pressure effectively suppresses the spin–charge order in trilayer nickelate La₄Ni₃O_10−δ single crystals, leading to the emergence of superconductivity.

Nanozymes used for antibacterial therapy conventionally have complex catalytic activities that cause multiple pathways in parallel and unwanted outcome. Here, the authors report a Cu-CeO₂ single site nanozyme in which Cu single site modification can enhance the peroxidase-like activity and inhibit the hydroxyl radical antioxidant capacity of CeO₂ to optimise the antibacterial effects.

A synthetic approach is described, for efficiently converting non-van der Waals solids into two-dimensional van der Waals transition-metal chalcogenide layers with specific phases, enabling the high-throughput production of monolayers.

Understanding the mechanism of the formation and rupture of conductive filaments in HfO₂-based memristors is essential to solve the problem of scalability of the devices. Here, Zhang et al. visualize this process by tracking atomic-scale evolution of conductive filaments during resistive switching cycles.

Pu-erh tea displays cholesterol-lowering properties. Here, Huang et al. show that this is mostly due to the action of a pigment in Pu-erh tea that induces changes in certain gut microbiota and bile acid levels, thus modulating the gut-liver metabolic axis.

Polyoxyanion compounds are alternative cathodes to conventional oxides, but their reliance on the transition metal redox limits the performance. Here the authors report an oxalate system which possesses additional polyanionic redox reactivity, suggesting a new direction for cathode materials design.

Developed on cytology images of hydrothorax and ascites from 57,220 cases at four hospitals, a deep-learning model shows high accuracy in tumor origin prediction and presents prognostic value when patient treatment is consistent with the cancer origin predicted by the model.

NCC-GP complex enhances gut-brain axis modulation to treat depression. It strengthens the intestinal barrier, balances gut microbiota, and activates the BCL2-AMPK pathway, offering a novel therapeutic approach.

Neurons in cochlear nucleus are highly specialized for neural coding of sounds. Here, authors show all cochlear nucleus cell types are defined by distinct transcriptomic profiles, thus uncovering the molecular logic driving cellular specialization.

Hydrogen bonds impact the chemical, physical and biological properties of molecular materials, but are rarely able to induce significant changes in electrical properties. Now a dynamic-to-static transition of hydrogen bonds in an organic–inorganic superlattice has been shown to yield a metal–insulator transition with an on–off ratio of 10⁷ in electrical resistivity.

Nme2Cas9 has been well established as a genome editing platform. Here the authors engineer Nme2Cas9 to further increase the activity and targeting scope of compact Nme2Cas9 base editors and validate ___domain-inlaid Nme2-ABEs for single-AAV delivery in vivo.

Neural circuit mechanisms underlying prevention of hyperarousal in acute stress conditions are not fully understood. Here authors show GAD2-positive GABAergic neurons in the midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus constrain the increase of wakefulness to prevent hyperarousal in a mouse model of stress.