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Gloeobacter diverged from other lineages early in cyanobacterial evolution, preferentially growing under low light intensity conditions. Here, the authors describe cryo-EM structures of PBSs from G. violaceus cells cultured under low or moderate light intensity.

A clinical study of women with abnormal breast mammograms establishes a workflow to evaluate the capability of breast photoacoustic computed tomography in the classification, monitoring and segmentation of lesions.

Electrocardiogram is crucial for cardiovascular disease prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis. Here, the authors present a motion-unrestricted dynamic electrocardiogram system utilizing skin-conformal, imperceptible electronics for long-term, comfortable, and accurate 12-lead monitoring.

Integrated optical frequency combs are powerful tools for optical spectroscopy. Here, authors demonstrate low-power, detectable-rate soliton microcombs from telecom to visible bands, including wavelength-multiplexed operation, using ultra-low-loss silicon nitride waveguides.

Agricultural machinery and supporting sectors such as energy, food processing, transportation and storage are quantified, demonstrating a sixfold increase in related health risks over the past 37 years in China, with disproportionately higher impacts on low-income populations.

The authors reveal nearly two-order magnitude of decoupling of the mean free path of the dominant electrons to that of phonons in Bi-Sb alloy, achieving an atomically homogeneous, coarse-grained sample through ultrafast quenching, enabling thermoelectric cooling down to the liquid nitrogen regime.

Friction and wear cause widespread energy loss and damage. Here, the authors propose a strategy to reduce friction and wear through inducing dynamic electronic density redistribution via alternating electric current.

Electrochemical oxygen removal holds great potential for food preservation, but high costs and limited durability limit its adoption. Here, the authors report a membrane-free, gravity-driven reactor, providing a cost-effective, durable solution for long-term operation in household food preservation.

The scope of Lewis acid catalysis mediated by enzymes is low compared with the range of reactions it drives in organic synthesis. Now the substitution of the iron centre with copper, and the subsequent directed evolution, enabled a non-haem iron hydroxylase to efficiently catalyse asymmetric abiotic Conia-ene cyclizations.

Neural mechanisms underlying sensory and motor control are not fully understood. Here authors identify two distinct neuron groups in the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) that mediate descending pain inhibition via brainstem-spinal circuits. Silencing these neurons disrupts motor-induced analgesia but not basic sensation, uncovering a motor-driven pain control pathway.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

The pairing mechanism in kagome superconductors is still not fully understood. Now, CsV₃Sb₅, which belongs to this family, is shown to have orbital-selective pairing with two distinct superconducting domes that are not separated by any phase boundary.

The authors report their observation of the fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect in rhombohedral hexalayer graphene/hBN moiré superlattice devices.

NiFe-based catalysts are promising for water oxidation in alkaline electrolytes, but their dynamic structure under operation hinders the establishment of design principles for improved catalytic performance. Now a water oxidation mechanism on mixed NiFe hydroxide catalysts is proposed that involves dissolved FeO₄²⁻ species acting as co-catalysts.

Lattice distortion in electrode materials often results in battery degradation. Here, the authors exploit a cooperative Jahn-Teller effect in a MnO2/graphene superlattice to create strain-relieving structures, improving cycling stability in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables biological findings within tissue context, but analyzing increasingly large ST data remains challenging. Here, authors introduce HERGAST, a system that can identify fine-scale spatial structures and amplifies gene expression signals in ultra-large-scale ST data.

The symmetry of free space greatly restricts the properties of quasiparticles that exist in free space. Solid state systems, with the discrete symmetry of the crystal lattice, have far fewer restrictions, and here, Fang et al find a vast array of new quasiparticles, with distinct energy dispersions or external field couplings that can only be realised in the spin-space group.

Cao et al. show that human amygdala and hippocampus neurons encode visual facial features, bridging perception-driven representations with mnemonic semantic representations.

A quantum microsatellite, with a payload weighing only 23 kilograms, in combination with portable ground stations that weigh merely 100 kilograms, is capable of performing space-to-ground real-time quantum key distribution.

Whether hippocampal place cells are unique in their representation of spatial information utilized during body navigation remains unknown. Here authors report monkey cells in the premotor cortex exhibit similar position fields which encode hand position during a reaching task.

Accurately capturing the tuning variability directly from the noisy neural responses is an important and challenging issue. Here, the authors introduce an unsupervised statistical approach to decomposing tuning variability, leading to a simple and unifying rule of tuning modulation in V1.

Ensuring the safety of lithium-ion power batteries is the primary prerequisite for developing electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Xin Gu and colleagues present a thermal runaway warning method based on the state of safety (SOS), which can warn around 5 h in advance.

The authors present a soft metalens (SML) with tungsten-gel composite for ultra-broadband transcranial focus, significantly enhancing intracranial sound pressure and spatial resolution. This breakthrough advances underwater sonar, medical ultrasound imaging, and non-invasive detection for energy transmission.

Among the most intriguing features of non-Hermitian systems is the prospect of having imaginary Fermi-Sea velocity. Here, the authors show that such imaginary velocities are closely related to the winding numbers in the path integral and can play a special role in driving and signaling the localization-to-delocalization transition of physical properties, even when the wavefunctions still exhibit some localization.

An integrated electro-optic frequency comb that combines microwave integrated circuits with a photonic circuit based on lithium tantalate leads to broadband operation with low power requirements.

Disorder has emerged as a promising tool to manipulate properties of superconducting circuits. Here the authors demonstrate the use of disordered spinodal superconductor for fluxonium qubit fabrication and reveal an interesting correlation between the material disorder and the 1/f-type flux noise.

A machine learning framework is proposed to accurately predict electron–phonon coupling (EPC) strengths while reducing computational costs compared with first-principles methods. This approach facilitates EPC calculations with advanced functionals, allowing the accurate determination of real-world material properties such as carrier mobility and superconductivity.

The authors report Bose–Einstein condensation of a two-magnon bound state in Na₂BaNi(PO₄)₂. This should stimulate further work on these types of geometrically frustrated materials.

Allenes are versatile substrates in synthetic chemistry. Now an iron catalyst enables unusual regioselectivity by mediating an electrophilicity reversal of allenes for stereoselective alkenylzincation reactions affording 1,4-diene zinc products.

A Dirac plasma in high-mobility graphene shows anomalous magnetotransport and giant magnetoresistance that reaches more than 100 per cent in a low magnetic field at room temperature.

Yang et al. developed a new method, BEPH, a foundation model trained on TCGA WSI images. BEPH improves cancer recognition, classification, and survival prediction across subtypes, potentially reducing reliance on expert annotations.

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) suppresses host immunity during infection and microbial sepsis. Here, the authors show that PD-L1 does this by regulating the secretion of CXCL1 and CXCL2 to control neutrophil mobilization during Candida albicans infection.