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Building protocells with intricate cellular organization and cell–cell interactions is a crucial step in attempts to replicate cytomimetic functions. Now it has been shown that interfacial assembly of porous metal–organic frameworks on protocell coacervates facilitates complex biomolecular organization, regulated protocell communications and structured protocell assembly.

Hu et al. show an aging-related navigational decline owing to deterioration of the excitatory PV^MVN→DTN pathway in the brainstem. Targeted chemogenetic pathway activation in aged mice rectified the deficit, highlighting a therapeutic avenue for cognitive aging.

Low-metallicity molecular clouds in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies exhibit a strong deficiency in turbulent support against their self-gravity, suggesting that the magnetic field may play a dominant role in supporting clouds under such conditions.

By resonant excitation of an InAs quantum dot embedded in a microcavity, a deterministic single-photon source is demonstrated. Single-photon purity of 0.9795(6), photon indistinguishability of 0.9856(13), and an overall end-to-end efficiency of 0.712(18) are simultaneously obtained.

Here, the authors leverage whole-genome sequencing from >88,000 diverse individuals to uncover 18 BMI-related genetic signals, including novel variants in participants of African genetic ancestry, highlighting the value of diversity in genetic discovery.

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have important functions in inflammatory bowel disease. Here, the authors show that TL1A/DR3 signalling stimulates ILC3s to produce GM-CSF, thereby recruiting inflammatory cells, which results in subsequent IL-23-dependent loss of ILC3s and further intestinal inflammation.

NiFe-based catalysts are promising for water oxidation in alkaline electrolytes, but their dynamic structure under operation hinders the establishment of design principles for improved catalytic performance. Now a water oxidation mechanism on mixed NiFe hydroxide catalysts is proposed that involves dissolved FeO₄²⁻ species acting as co-catalysts.

Water level resilience loss in the Pearl River Delta, primarily driven by human activities, is spatially heterogeneous and propagates across subsystems within the Delta, as revealed by using autocorrelation and a high-dimensional resilience transmission method.

Here, Cai et al. demonstrate that environmental metabolite availability directly impacts glucose utilization and function in trained immunity - trained monocytes prefer lactate over glucose as a physiologic fuel, and lactate regulates trained immunity by altering histone lactylation.

Molecular assembly is of great importance in many fields. Here, the authors establish a strategy to post-modulate angle-mismatched layer-by-layer materials by fullerene derivatives and achieve a modulation accuracy of up to 5 Å.

Current noble metal catalysts enable efficient proton exchange membrane water electrolysis but suffer from instability. Here, the authors report an agglomeration and smelting strategy to create ruthenium-based nanoarray catalysts, enabling water electrolysis for over 500 hours at 1 A cm⁻².

Holmium doping endows upconversion nanoparticles with a dual-reservoir-level mechanism for parallel photon avalanche emission, enabling tunable chromaticity at room temperature, nonlinearity index up to 22 and spatial resolution for multicolour biological imaging down to 78 nm.

Clinical trials of CD47 blocking antibody in human cancer patients have not yielded ideal results. Here the authors show that USP2 stabilizes CD47 through deubiquitination, whereas USP2 inhibition enhances macrophage phagocytosis, reprograms tumor microenvironment and synergizes with anti-PD-1 treatment.

The hetero-Diels–Alder reaction is a powerful strategy for constructing six-membered heterocycles, yet natural enzymatic hetero-Diels–Alder reactions are limited to a single heteroatom. Now a bifunctional enzyme, Abx₍₋₎F, is found to catalyse the dehydration and a dual-oxa Diels–Alder reaction to form the oxygen-bridged tricyclic acetal of (−)-anthrabenzoxocinones.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Chang’E-5 and Chang’E-6 lunar soils show higher δ30Si than lunar basalts, with CE-6 having the highest value, suggesting space weathering produced by micrometeorite impacts alters Si isotopes of lunar soils, with stronger effects on the farside.

Tirzepatide has shown promise for treatment of obesity but its effects in heart failure are unknown. Using real-world data from over 14,000 patients, the authors show that tirzepatide is associated with lower risks of death, heart failure worsening, cardiovascular events, and kidney complications in people with preserved ejection fraction heart failure.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

Cytology is commonly used for cervical cancer screening or triage. Here, the authors used deep learning to develop a liquid-based cytology screening approach to detect cervical cancer in both community and hospital-based settings.

Endothelial cells (ECs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) support hematopoiesis and hematopoietic regeneration. Whether ECs are a source of BMSCs remains unclear. Here, using lineage tracing models the authors show that ECs are not a source of BMSCs during homeostasis and regeneration.

The development of n-type conductive polymer inks is critical for the development of next-generation opto-electronic devices that rely on efficient hole and electron transport. Here, the authors report an alcohol-based, high performance and stable n-type conductive ink for printed electronics.

The immune response of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer remains low and new adjuvant targets are in demand. By in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 screening that targets membrane and secreted proteins genes, the authors identify that disrupting MBTPS1 in tumor cells upregulates STAT1-transcribed chemokines, promotes CXCR3⁺ CD8 T cells infiltration and potentiates anti-PD-1 therapy.

This study aims to address a critical knowledge gap concerning the unique microstructure in 3D-printed metals by quantitatively characterizing the phase and dislocation density during the printing process using operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction.

Hsu, Wang, Manne et al. identify ALDH4A1 as a component of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier complex, which plays a non-canonical role in regulating pyruvate homeostasis in mitochondria, TCA cycle entry and tumour suppression.

The CAPItello-291 phase 3 study reported that capivasertib (an AKT inhibitor) and fulvestrant (a selective estrogen receptor degrader) improved progression free survival in patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Here, the authors report the results of an extended Chinese cohort recruited as part of the original global CAPItello-291 study.

Type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) play a pivotal role in the cross-presentation of antigens, enabling efficient CD8 + T cell response. Here authors show that the transcription factor Zeb1 essentially regulates this process via facilitating the reactive-oxygen-species-dependent rupture of phagosomal membrane to allow antigen export to the cytoplasm.

He et al. demonstrate a noncanonical role for the TRMT6–TRMT61A methyltransferase complex in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging, where its enrichment activates necroptosis signaling. Blocking necroptosis counters features of HSC aging, suggesting a therapeutic strategy.

The complete biosynthetic pathway of Prim-O-Glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-Methylvisamminoside in Saposhnikovia divaricata is resolved and their de novo biosynthesis is reconstructed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The evolutionary mechanisms of furochromone biosynthesis among Apiaceae plants is further analyzed.

Many thrombolytic agents depend on plasminogen, leading to D-dimer accumulation. Here, Tang et al. report a plasminogen-independent thrombolytic enzyme that degrades blood clots and D-dimer without plasminogen.

The authors observe out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization induced by interlayer sliding in a multiferroic van der Waals semiconductor. The switching voltage scales down to 0.3 V at room temperature, which promises low-power device applications.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

A gene-edited pig liver transplanted into a human recipient remains functional after 10 days and indicates that porcine organs could help meet the growing demand for liver transplants.

This study reveals that the synergistic effect of proton-limited environments and multi-site cooperative activation coupling substantially improves the electrocatalytic co-reduction of CO₂ and N₂ towards urea production, enabling gram-scale synthesis.

Mammary epithelial cells act to continuously renew the mammary tissue and must balance differentiation and self-renewal. Here they show that Mcam, a non-canonical Wnt pathway member, regulates communication between macrophages and mammary epithelial cells, thereby maintaining self-renewal and subsequently promoting mammary ductal morphogenesis.

Traditional lithographic techniques could damage organic semiconductor crystals due to high-energy beams or solvents. Here, authors employ a chemical-free nanoimprint crystallography method for fabrication of independent complex 2D patterns that exhibit good lasing performance and reproducibility.

Wang, Wang, Pan and colleagues uncover a C864–C869 disulfide linkage stimulated by viral RNA that drives RIG-I activation, phase separation and stimulates downstream innate immune signalling.

A unified framework is presented that integrates observed spatial patterns of individual trees in forests with ecological processes into a novel coexistence theory.