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Grain number per panicle (GNP) is a critical yield component trait of rice. Here, the authors clone a MAPKKK encoding gene GNP3 positively regulating grain yield and show its role in rice panicle development by interacting and destabilizing ethylene biosynthesis related enzyme SADENOSYLMETHIONINE SYNTHETASE 1.

Lodging resistance is critical for rice yield. Here, the authors demonstrate that STRONG1 alters the arrangement of the microtubule skeleton, resulting in changes in secondary cell wall development, thereby negatively regulating lodging resistance and grain yield.

Using 1,425 UK Biobank participants, we show for the first time that morphological brain asymmetry exhibits evidence of plasticity changes throughout adulthood, which tracks individual variation ~1,000 lifestyle factors and ~4,500 disease ICD codes.

Combining antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting HER2 has been shown to improve efficacy in patients with advanced HER2+ breast cancer. Here, the authors report a randomised phase 2b trial comparing neoadjuvant ARX788 (HER2 ADC) plus pyrotinib (HER1, HER2 and HER4 TKI) against neoadjuvant standard of care (docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab) for the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer.

Mixed-dimensional 1D-2D heterostructures hold promise for catalytic and optoelectronic applications, but the control of their electronic band structure remains challenging. Here, the authors report the fabrication of 1D-graphene nanoribbon/2D-CuSe heterojunctions with tunable band alignment by varying the geometry and phase of the materials.

Epstein-Barr virus is associated with increased cancer risk. Here, the authors analysed two population-based prospective cohorts in Southern China to examine the association between increased seropositivity and the risk of multiple cancer types.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

The performance of devices based on fully non-fused ring electron acceptors has been limited due to the low acceptor crystallinity. Here, authors report these acceptors with peripheral substituents that guarantee the planarity of the skeleton, achieving efficiency of 18.04% in organic solar cells.

In-situ harvesting of wave energy can provide a continuous energy supply for oceanic unmanned equipment. Here, the authors develop a pendulum-based nanogenerator that efficiently converts disordered waves into electricity for self-powered, distributed marine monitoring networks.

A synthetic biology approach was used to engineer Vibrio natriegens into a strain capable of bioremediating complex organic pollutants in saline wastewater and soils, thereby addressing notable threats to marine biosecurity.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

This study integrates a nitrite-adsorbing ionophore into a copper/carbon nanotube electrified membrane, enabling ultrafast and highly selective ammonia production from low-concentration nitrate in real water sources. This cooperative adsorption approach tunes the local catalyst environment to achieve high activity, selectivity and stability without using precious metals or complex synthesis methods.

The short lifespan and systemic toxicity of IL-2 are major limitations for IL-2-based cancer immunotherapy. To overcome these hurdles, a single dose of a pressure-fused biomineral tablet is shown to safely support a two-phase IL-2 release, leading to weeks-long intratumoral retention of the cytokine to promote anti-tumor T cell immunity.

Asymmetric binary catalysis combining chiral Brønsted acids with Lewis acids is currently limited to pre-organized, activated substrates. Here, the authors report binary catalysis combining an organosuperacid with bismuth, where the counteranion of chiral N-triflyl phosphoramide acts as a flexible-coordinating ligand for the asymmetric allylation of α-keto thioesters.

A Leptotrichia buccalis Cas13a diagnostic platform can be used to cleave and detect small concentrations of viral and human DNA.

Nonlinear optical phonons often exhibit rapid decay. Here, the authors demonstrate long-lived nonlinear optical phonons through the spontaneous formation of phonon frequency combs in CrXTe₃ (X=Ge,Si).

Two types of amyloid-β protein (1–42) (Aβ₄₂) fibrils are known to form in the insoluble fraction of diseased human brains. Now, another type of Aβ₄₂ fibril (type III) has been identified in the soluble fraction of Alzheimer’s disease brain using cryo-electron microscopy. These studies also reveal differences in ligand–fibril interactions between fibril types.

By resonant excitation of an InAs quantum dot embedded in a microcavity, a deterministic single-photon source is demonstrated. Single-photon purity of 0.9795(6), photon indistinguishability of 0.9856(13), and an overall end-to-end efficiency of 0.712(18) are simultaneously obtained.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) has been identified to play a role in tumour progression but its involvement in anti-tumour immunity of esophagael squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Here the authors report that the inhibition of STING-mediated anti-tumour immunity by HMGA1 results in promotion of ESCC tumorigenesis.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

The mechanisms underlying the invasiveness and aggressiveness of pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) remain poorly understood. Here, the authors perform single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to characterise the tumour microenvironment of PitNETs and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Tracing cellular changes in complex biological systems is challenging. Here, authors present a flexible framework that integrates multi-sample data with in-house algorithms to infer comparative and spatiotemporal cell-gene patterns, advancing understanding of cellular dynamics.

A combination of metagenomic data from experimental and natural warming with microbial culturing experiments shows that warming increases the potential of evolution of antibiotic resistance in soil bacteria.

A hybrid extracellular matrix–hydrogel with tunable mechanical stiffness and biochemical composition of young or aged cardiac tissue is used to identify the specific contributions of extracellular matrix ligands and mechanics for fibroblast aging.

An acceptor–donor–acceptor organic semiconductor enables near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes with reduced efficiency roll-off over six orders of magnitude of excitation current density, enabling a maximum luminance of 2,000 W sr⁻¹ m⁻².

The role of the striatum in perceptual decision-making remains unclear. Here, using a multisensory paradigm, the authors found different neural state codes in primate neocortices and caudate nucleus, providing evidence for the causal contributions of caudate to perceptual decision.

The microbial processes involved in deep sea phosphorous cycling are unclear. Here, the authors develop a deep learning model, LucaPCycle, identifying alkaline phosphatase families and archaea that contribute to phosphorous cycling in deep sea cold seeps.

Bilayer sensors with a selective alcohol-blocking HZSM-5 overlayer have been proposed as a universal solution for mitigating alcohol interferences on the gas sensing characteristics without significant alteration of gas sensing properties to HCHO

A strategy that preserves stereochemistry in intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation is reported. An iterative synthetic approach to extend spiro-bridged molecular skeletons via C–H activation–annulation is developed, where the stereoretentive one-shot conversion to form multiple spirocarbon-bridged carbocycles resembles a ‘zipping up’ process.

The connection between plasma proteomic and brain structure remains unclear. Here, the authors establish a comprehensive atlas of the patterns of associations between microscale proteome and brain structure, and demonstrate their potential value for studying brain disorders.

MGAT1 is a glycosyltransferase critical for the synthesis and maturation of complex N-glycans. Here, the authors show that MGAT1 modulation of CD73 glycosylation and function regulates tumor immune response in triple-negative breast cancer.

H₂O₂ is a commodity chemical produced in industry via the anthraquinone process from H₂ and O₂. Now a heterogeneous catalysis approach is presented in which H₂O₂ is synthesized from H₂O and O₂ on defective SnSe nanosheets at ambient conditions.

Activation of natural gas alkanes using main-group systems typically requires heating or photo-irradiation under high atmospheric pressure with low regioselectivity. Here the authors report Lewis acid-carbene adduct activation of C–H bonds in ethane, propane and n-butane under one atmospheric pressure and at room temperature with high selectivity.

Advancing high-performance rechargeable batteries requires a deep understanding of the complex relationships among material composition, structure and property. This Perspective highlights the emerging role of ionic potential, defined as the charge-to-radius ratio of an ion, in guiding the design and optimization of battery materials.

The bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila is known to regulate a wide spectrum of host processes using its Dot/Icm effectors. In this work, He et al. provide insight into L. pneumophila regulation of ATP level in host cells.

In a prespecified interim analysis of the randomized, double-blind phase 3 COMPASSION-15 trial, patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric/GEJ cancer treated with the anti-PD-L1/CTLA-4 bispecific Ab cadonilimab plus chemotherapy showed significantly improved overall survival compared with patients treated with placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment.