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While it is known in principle that quantum mechanics can enhance operation of microscopic thermal engines, convincing experimental examples of quantum energetic advantages are scarce. Here, the authors successfully showcase a quantum advantage in energy efficiency in a single trapped-ion based device, by demonstrating the benefit from quantum coherence and exploiting suppression of quantum friction effects via counterdiabatic driving.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

Iacobucci et al. present the single-cell transcriptomic profile of patients with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, report enriched multipotency and develop a multipotency score that is associated with worse survival in pediatric patients.

Using two cohorts, Liu, Ge, Xiao, Lu and colleagues perform plasma metabolomics and lipidomics, linking reduced sarcosine to sarcopenia diagnosis. In mice, they demonstrate that sarcosine enhances muscle repair, boosts adipose thermogenesis and preserves muscle mass via macrophage modulation.

Du and Haith show that behaviour can become habitual in two different ways, involving response initiation and response preparation.

Lai et al. present a spatially resolved atlas of human atherosclerotic plaques, revealing cellular heterogeneity and identifying lymphoid structures and their potential functions and implications.

A foundation model for the motion correction, resolution enhancement, denoising and harmonization of magnetic resonance images improves the performance of machine-learning models across a wide range of tasks.

A nanofluidic intracellular delivery (NanoFLUID) patch provides a versatile, biocompatible and efficient method for the targeted delivery of payloads to internal organs for therapeutic purposes and for biomolecular investigations.

By introducing an unconventional spin–orbit torque, the authors demonstrate an all-electrical way to bidirectionally switch the perpendicular chiral antiferromagnetic order in Mn₃Sn, promoting the application of antiferromagnetic spintronics.

Lipid droplets (LDs) and endosomes play crucial roles in cellular processes, yet their interplay is poorly understood. Here, the authors develop an LD-specific probe, AP1-coumarin, and reveal dynamic interactions between LDs and endosomes, regulating lipid homeostasis.

By utilizing a nitrogen-rich carbon host with good conductivity to kinetically limit Li-ion extraction and shift the potential for sulfide conversion to sulfur, argyrodite decomposition in solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries is largely suppressed. Li–S cells delivering an areal capacity of 11.3 mAh cm⁻², with 90% retention over 200 cycles at lower areal capacity, are demonstrated.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

To increase the efficiency, brightness and stability of next-generation light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the microstructure of CsPbI_3-xBr_x metal-halide perovskite, a good pure-red emitter, was altered to fix hole leakage, which was identified as decreasing efficiencies in overworked LEDs.

A nanoporous photocatalyst producing low levels of hydrogen peroxide is shown to modulate intracellular stress granules, enhancing resilience against oxidative stress and providing cardioprotection in an ex vivo rodent model of myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury.

The photochemical transformations of aryl thiols to other functional groups have been scarcely explored. Here the authors present a carboxylation of aryl thiols using 1 atmosphere of CO₂ under photoirradiative conditions, a methodology which can be extended to the degradation of polyphenylene sulfide.

The acetylene hydrogenation activity and stability of a palladium single-atom catalyst are both controlled by the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the oxide support.

Targeting Ceramide Transfer Protein (CERT) is known to sensitize solid cancer cells to chemotherapy. Here this groups reports targeting CERT can effectively inhibit the growth and promote apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells carrying FLT3-ITD mutation.’

Two mGlu3–βarr1 cryo-EM structures with 2:1 and 2:2 stoichiometries are reported, revealing that the inactive state involves mGlu3 engagement of βarr1 through phosphorylated C-terminal tail and intracellular loops.

The study reveals that PLETHORA 5, a transcription factor activated by auxin signalling in the vascular cambium, regulates cell expansion and cell wall thickening of fibres by directly repressing SND1 genes during wood formation in Populus tomentosa.

The protein stability of KRAS mutants can influence tumor promotion. Here, the authors identify that deubiquitinase JOSD2 stabilizes KRAS mutants and JOSD2 depletion inhibits KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer growth in part due to mutant KRAS degradation.

Computational loop reconstruction guided design of highly efficient PET hydrolases sheds light on the industrial recycling of PET plastics.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

Polaron formation is considered to play a crucial role to enhance photoelectric performance of hybrid halide perovskites. Here, the authors report the real-time observation of polaron formation process by terahertz emission spectroscopy and reveal two different polaron modes in FAPbI₃ films.

Tumor-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) are identified by functional screening of synthetic TCR libraries.

An analysis of genomic, molecular and neuroanatomical traits across extant primates reveals early divergence in visual and olfactory systems of major primate lineages consistent with lineage-specific shifts in diel activity and dietary niche, providing support for a sensory ‘reallocation’ hypothesis.

Multi-omics analysis reveals that differential plant performance among Populus species is associated with Pseudomonas in the rhizosphere. Further mechanistic investigation identifies GL3 as a regulator of flavone biosynthesis contributing to Pseudomonas recruitment.

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates a variety of physiological processes in plants. A molecule involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, the H-subunit of Mg-chelatase functions as an ABA receptor. This interaction controls seed germination and stomatal movement.

An entanglement filter based on Rydberg atoms is demonstrated. It transmits a desired photonic entangled state and blocks unwanted ones. Near-perfect photonic entanglement can be extracted from a noisy input with arbitrarily low initial fidelity.

Olfactory second-order conditioning is supported by the posterior piriform cortex–basolateral amygdala circuit, characterized by overlapping gene regulation profiles and distinct chromatin remodeling in pyramidal neurons.

Enhancing the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes is critically important for developing high-performance batteries. Here, authors show the positive effect of structural disorder on the lithium-ion diffusion dynamics and reveal the ion conduction mechanism in complex disordered structures.

Red, green and blue CdSe/ZnSe quantum dot light-emitting diodes combine efficient operation with high brightness.

The pentazolate anion shows great promise for high energy density materials, but has only been isolated alongside non-energetic counter ions that impede its energetic properties. Here, the authors synthesize a silver cyclo-N₅-complex devoid of stabilizing ions, as well as a complementary [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺[Ag₃(N₅)₄]⁻ 3D framework.

Using zirconium metal–organic frameworks as the host template for directed nucleation and precise growth of metal-halide sublattices, multi-dimensional single-crystalline porous superlattices can be achieved through a one-pot synthesis.

Low-cost Cu catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) can transform industrial water electrolysis, but pure Cu typically exhibits a negligible HER. Here, combining pulsed laser ablation and subsequent electroreduction, Cu nanotwins form that enable the HER at an overpotential of 301 mV, with 125 h of stable operation at a current density of 500 mA cm⁻².

Functional devices based on sliding ferroelectrics remain elusive. This work demonstrates the rewritable, non-volatile memory devices at room-temperature with two-dimensional sliding ferroelectric rhombohedral-stacked bilayer MoS₂. The device shows overall good performance and can be made flexible.

Here the authors describe a genomic dataset, the1000 Chinese Indigenous Pig Genomes Project (1KCIGP), based on the whole-genome sequencing of 1,011 Chinese domestic pigs from 50 distinct populations, which provides insights into the genomic architecture of domestic pigs.

The performance of wide bandgap perovskite solar cells is limited by the carrier recombination at their electron extraction interface. Here, the authors assemble binary 2D perovskites for efficient charge transport and realizing stable perovskite/silicon tandems with device efficiency over 30%.

Water–oxide interfaces are ubiquitous in nature, yet a molecular-level understanding of these complex environments is still lacking. Now, using in situ nonlinear optical spectroscopy, unconventional reaction pathways have been revealed during the structural evolution of a silicon oxide surface in liquid water, resolving long-standing controversies and providing new microscopic insights.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.