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BPAN is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by WDR45 mutations. Here, the authors discover that WDR45 can competitively displace G3BP1 from Caprin-1 to promote stress granule disassembly, a function that is disrupted by BPAN-associated WDR45 mutations.

Macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT) contributes to CaOx-induced fibrosis in nephrocalcinosis. EZH2 is the critical regulator that promotes kidney fibrosis by meditating MMT via the DUSP23/SMAD3 pathway.

Liu et al. developed a platform to identify transcription factors (TFs) that turn stem cells into desired cell types. They discovered six key TFs that produce microglia efficiently, enhancing cell differentiation methods.

Han et al. report the design and characterization of a pressure-fused biomineral tablet for the long-acting sustained release of IL-2, promoting antitumor immune responses in preclinical models of melanoma.

The mechanism through which auxin regulates chilling tolerance remains unclear. Here, the authors discover a negative regulator of chilling tolerance in japonica rice, which encodes an ABCB transporter with auxin efflux function, and show its potential to increase indica rice chilling tolerance.

Antiplatelet therapy is vital for coronary artery disease (CAD) management but hard to monitor effectively. Here, the authors show that comprehensive image-based profiling of circulating platelets can directly assess therapy efficacy and guide personalized treatment for CAD.

The pretraining efficiency and generalization of medical foundation models can be enhanced by using synthetic data generated via conditioning with disease labels.

This study reports six cryo-electron microscopy structures of a natural group II intron, uncovering backsplicing dynamics, auxiliary sequence roles and intron space critical for circular RNA (circRNA) formation. The findings might guide improvements in circRNA production for various applications.

Cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds remains a challenging task in organic synthesis. Here the authors report a redox-neutral and catalytic photoredox cleavage of arylalkenes, producing two distinct fragments.

Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) has emerged as a key technology in quantitative proteomics. Here, the authors introduce DIA-BERT, a transformer model pre-trained on existing DIA datasets to enhance peptide identification and quantification.

The authors propose a matrix plainification strategy to eliminate lattice vacancies in the Cu2Se matrix of the Cu2Se/SnSe composites, resulting in obvious improvement in carrier mobility and power factor, obtaining a high figure of merit of 3.3.

Dynamic gene expression is crucial for coordinating diverse cellular activities, but challenging to modulate with high spatiotemporal precision. Now, a photoswitchable DNA structure-specific, small-molecule ligand enables reversible, light-controlled regulation of gene expression and cell proliferation in live cells.

Driving comfort in autonomous vehicles is crucial but often overlooked in global path planning. Here, authors developed a model using multi-head attention and XGBoost to predict driving comfort from road information, reducing jerk by 15% and improving comfort scores by 13% in real vehicle tests.

The mismatch between solid bioelectronics and biological tissue presents a grand challenge to current skin electronics. Here, we developed a reconfigurable liquid cardiac sensor capable of adapting to biological tissues, allowing ambulatory cardiac monitoring.

Dynamic changes of histone modification and how it affects gene transcription during wheat endosperm development remain largely unknow. Here, the author fulfill this knowledge gap and reveal the role of ethylene response factor ERF5 in the regulatory network during grain filling, and starch and protein accumulation.

Early and accurate clinical assessment of disease severity in COVID-19 patients is essential for planning the allocation of scarce hospital resources. An explainable machine learning tool trained on blood sample data from 485 patients from Wuhan selected three biomarkers for predicting mortality of individual patients with high accuracy.

Here, by analyzing 306481 microbial genomes from human-associated microbiomes, the authors reveal a largely unexplored biosynthetic landscape of ribosomal peptides (RiPPs), identifying protective peptides that obstruct pathogen biofilms and regulate gut microbiota in disease models, underscoring their significant therapeutic potential.

Sun et al. report human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome in 33,250 individuals, which highlights critical growth milestones and distinct maturation patterns and offers a normative reference for development, aging and diseases.

The authors demonstrate a chemopiezoelectric effect in which the displacive migration of oxygen vacancies driven by an electric field induces a large strain in the surface layer of thin (K,Na)NbO₃ ceramics. They achieve an electrostrain of 1.9% under a field of −3 kV mm⁻¹, with thermal stability up to 200 °C.

The existence (or not) of electronic coherence in homopolymers is dependent on a balance between monomer–monomer interactions and environmental heterogeneity. Now, by understanding how even–odd orbital symmetry influences coherence and produces resistance oscillations as a function of distance—it is shown that DNA sequences can be designed to support coherent charge transport.

Off-target effects have limited RNA degradation approaches. Here, the authors develop a tumor microenvironment-activated ribonuclease targeting chimera (RiboTAC) demonstrating H₂O₂ and acid activated degradation of pre-miR-21, which was effective in restoring radiosensitivity in lung cancer.

Sodium-ion batteries have long been tipped as a promising post-Li-ion storage technology but their performance is still inferior to Li-ion batteries. Here the authors design an ampere-hour-scale battery with an initial Na-free anode configuration to achieve an energy density that rivals Li-ion batteries.

Using a large multisite dataset of people with major depressive disorder and healthy controls, the authors show global brain connectivity alterations in the sensorimotor, visual, and default mode networks.

The paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) exerts an indispensable role in body weight control. Here, authors demonstrate the role of PVH RUVBL2 in suppressing food intake and reveal two anorexigenic circuits of PVHRUVBL2 → ARCPOMC and PVHRUVBL2 → DMH.

This work reports a single-atom Ni incorporated CeO₂ catalyst that boosts the efficiency of solar CO₂ reduction under concentrated light irradiation.

Large-scale ammonia synthesis is crucial in modern society. Here, the authors present first principles based kinetic Monte Carlo simulations that reveal how the ammonia synthesis reaction can be enhanced over Ru nanoparticles.

Here the authors use UK Biobank data to identify 251 genetic loci associated with serum triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol ratio, a surrogate marker for insulin resistance. Key genes, including PLA2G12A, PLA2G6, and TNFAIP8, offer potential therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases.

Monitoring the diversity of viruses infecting animals is important for assessing zoonotic risk. Here, the authors use metatranscriptomics to characterise the viromes of small mammals, pangolins, and zoo animals in China to identify potentially zoonotic viruses.

A generative AI model, Orion, learns a robust and generalizable pattern of non-small cell lung cancer from cancer-specific circulating non-coding RNAs. Orion enhances the performance of liquid biopsy for early cancer detection and tumor subtyping.

It is challenging to achieve fast-charging, high-performance Na-ion batteries. This study discusses the origin of fast-charging Na-ion batteries with hard carbon anodes and demonstrates an ampere-hour-level, fast-charging, long-cycle-life cylindrical cell under nearly practical conditions.

Here, the authors show that GalNAc-T3 and T7 regulate furin cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein via O-glycosylation. This influences viral assembly and infection, highlighting glycosylation as a host defense mechanism.

The pan-genome of 17 wheat cultivars grown in China is explored, providing insights into the breeding history of wheat in East Asia.

Reductive deuteration and deuterodefluorination of arenes and heteroarenes is achieved through a scalable and general electrocatalytic method using a nitrogen-doped ruthenium electrode and heavy water.

Functional divergence of CYP76AK subfamily, accompanied by oxidation variations at C-20, leads to diverse abietane-type diterpenoids in Salvia species. Enzyme activity loss contributes to this unique chemical diversity within the lineage.