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A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Zhang et al. show that the activation of RIPK1 is suppressed by acetylhypusination in a spermidine-dependent manner. Disruption of this axis contributes to RIPK1-mediated vascular pathology to promote insulin resistance and diabetic kidney pathology.

Acetylation is a posttranscriptional modification widely distributed across RNA types. Here, the authors uncover the role of tRNA ac⁴C12 for translational efficiency and tRNA quality control in both normal and heat stress conditions in mammalian cells.

Optically generated microwaves offer exceptionally low noise, crucial for radar and communications. Here, authors demonstrate a compact photonic chip-based interleaver multiplying pulse rates of mode-locked lasers to 14 GHz, significantly enhancing microwave power and reducing phase noise.

Diabetic wounds are a prevalent type of chronic wound that is challenging to treat due to the dynamic and complex wound microenvironment. Here, Cong et al. presents a dimeric copper peptide incorporated hydrogel for multifunctional treatment of diabetic wounds.

Optical frequency combs power technologies like communication but face stability issues in miniaturization. Here, authors present a self-locked microcomb in a lithium niobate chip by combining electro-optic, Kerr, and Raman effects, achieving a 300 nm span and low noise without external feedback.

Simultaneous transfer of chirality and energy is desirable, but challenging to achieve in synthetic systems. Here, the authors report a system inspired by chlorosomes in which donor-acceptor chromophores form helical stacks, shielding them from water and allowing chirality and energy transfer.

Despite pressure to improve the circularity of polysulfone plastic waste, upcycling polysulfones remains technically challenging. This study presents a photocatalytic method that can upcycle various polysulfones into valuable chemicals at ambient conditions.

Hybrid quantum systems offer increased functionality, however, they require strong coupling between components. Here, Shen and coauthors achieve strong coupling between polaritons, formed by strongly coupled magnons and photons, and phonons, paving the way for polaromechanical hybrid systems.

Employing appropriate catalysts in room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries can significantly enhance performance. Here, authors utilize natural language processing techniques in conjunction with a binary descriptor to screen preferrable single-atom catalysts to achieve high specific capacity.

Topological lasers with enhanced robustness have revolutionized the paradigm of laser design, yet their implementation in disclination geometries remains largely unexplored. Here, the authors demonstrate a mid-gap topological exciton-polariton laser in a C4v disclination perovskite lattice at room temperature.

Here the authors report asperigimycins, fungal ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides with a heptacyclic scaffold. After chemically modifying them for nanomolar anticancer activity, CRISPR screening identifies SLC46A3 as a key transporter for their uptake in cells.

The passivation of surface defects is critical in perovskite photovoltaics yet challenging to implement in practice. Wang et al. show that fluorinated isopropanol allows the use of a high concentration of passivator molecules, ensuring the complete passivation of defects.

Here, the authors show that mechanical loading promotes subchondral bone osteocytes to secrete extracellular vesicles containing miR-23b-3p, which accelerates osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting mitophagy and disrupting cartilage metabolism.

The isolation of a crystalline radical cation carbon(I) species, generated via single-electron transfer between a carbodicarbene and a nitroaromatic compound, is reported. The resulting radical ion pair can mediate various C–O and C–C cross-coupling reactions with electron-deficient arenes bearing a leaving group.

Analysis of ancient DNA, stable isotope data and archaeological evidence from the Fujia archaeological site in eastern China suggests it was populated by a matrilineal Neolithic community between 2750 and 2500 bc.

A clinical study of women with abnormal breast mammograms establishes a workflow to evaluate the capability of breast photoacoustic computed tomography in the classification, monitoring and segmentation of lesions.

A highly compact chemically induced proximity system dependent on salicylic acid or aspirin enables control of biological processes and cellular therapeutics using an over-the-counter drug with minimal side effects.

CYSLTR2 and P2RY6 are identified as endogenous ceramide receptors, and inhibition of these ameliorates atherosclerosis, particularly in chronic-kidney-disease-associated cardiovascular disease.

Expanding editing scope while reducing byproducts is now possible for prime editing. Here, authors develop reverse prime editing (rPE), a SpCas9-based tool enabling editing in reverse window with high fidelity and demonstrate its use in inserting therapeutic variants.

Human NPCs show promise for stroke treatment, but challenges remain in neuron diversity and maturation time. Here, the authors describe the generation of FOXG1 progenitors from iPSCs that quickly mature into functional cortical neurons, enhancing stroke recovery in rats.

A turn-key-operable hybrid integrated Pockels laser based on an external distributed Bragg waveguide grating reflector fabricated in a wafer-scale thin-film lithium niobate on insulator platform is demonstrated, with a tuning efficiency of over 550 MHz V^–1, tuning rates reaching the exahertz per second, and a high output power of 15 mW.

It is generally more difficult to modify the buried interfaces compared to top interfaces in tin-lead perovskite subcells. Here, the authors employ a mercapto-functionalized mesoporous silica layer as a superstructure, realizing maximum efficiency of 29.6% for double-junction tandem solar cells.

Zhang et al. provide evidence that, during meiosis, recombination proteins assemble into active droplets, the coarsening of which partially explains the phenomenon of crossover interference.

Retarder arrays enable advanced photonic applications but are limited by controllable flexibility. Here, authors demonstrate a compound modulator that creates synthetic tuneable retarder arrays, offering unprecedented dynamic control of light, enabling new beam generation, analysis, and correction.

Currently, there is limited understanding of the molecular subtypes of fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, the authors employ integrated genomics and transcriptomics to develop a CpG site-specific methylation signature for the identification of FH-deficient RCC, and to identify three distinct molecular subtypes for this rare but highly lethal kidney cancer.

Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer’s disease derived from individuals of European ancestry can show improved performance in multiancestry settings after incorporating genome-wide association summary statistics from diverse populations.

Conditional cysteine restriction in mice causes substantial weight loss, exceeding that seen with essential amino acid restriction, by activating the integrated stress and oxidative stress responses, and by unexpectedly depleting coenzyme A, leading to metabolic inefficiency.

Here the authors identify hundreds of genetic loci linked to 36 traits in East Asians, revealing population-specific associations and emphasizing the importance of diverse ancestry groups in genome-wide association studies.

Electrocardiogram is crucial for cardiovascular disease prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis. Here, the authors present a motion-unrestricted dynamic electrocardiogram system utilizing skin-conformal, imperceptible electronics for long-term, comfortable, and accurate 12-lead monitoring.

DEK, a chromatin-associated oncoprotein, regulates chromatin dynamics and cell fate. This study reveals the structural basis of DEK’s interaction with nucleosomes, showing its role in maintaining embryonic stem cell identity by modulating H3K27me3.

The first outbreaks of mpox outside Africa in 2022 were caused by clade II but cases of a new clade Ib have been increasing in the Democratic Republic of Congo and neighbouring countries since 2024. Here, the authors describe a case report and public health investigation of the first detected case of mpox clade Ib in China.

Cytosolic CHMP5 is known for its primary function in membrane remodelling. Here the authors report that nuclear CHMP5 promotes T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia initiation and maintenance in part through regulating epigenetic and transcriptional events.

In this work the authors present Token-Mol, a token-only 3D drug design model, which deploys the Gaussian cross-entropy (GCE) loss function for regression tasks. It exhibits superior performance in molecular conformation generation, property prediction, and pocket-based generation, thus opening up new avenues for drug design.

The role of outer mitochondrial membrane proteins in Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury (MIRI) largely remains unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that the outer mitochondrial membrane protein Myocardial Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling (MAVS) protein promotes MIRI suggesting MAVS protein as potential therapeutic target.

A plant kinase mediates symbiotic signalling and suppress host immunity to enable legume–rhizobium symbiosis.

The mechanisms whereby METH yields strong addiction potential is not fully understood. Here, authors show that METH may impair the function of the endogenous OXT system, particularly the PVN^OXT-NAc core pathway, suggesting OXT-based therapies for METH use disorder (MUD).

Conventional doping with hygroscopic dopants could lead to compromised device stability in perovskite solar cells. Here, the authors employ a combination of metal salt dopants to enhance doping efficiency and remove hygroscopic contaminants, realizing efficiency of over 25% for stable devices.

The kinetic pathways driving morphological changes in core-shell metallic nanowires are crucial for their functional properties. Here authors reveal a three-step deposition process, and influence nanoparticle size and surface roughness.

Multiplexed editing using Cas12a transgenic mice facilitates the study of disease models with complex genotypes.

The electrocatalytic upgrading of CO₂/CO provides a promising route to produce carbon-neutral alcohols but suffers from product loss to crossover and dilution. Here, the authors report on a CO reduction electrolyzer that recovers over 85% of alcohol without dilution, which is then scaled to 800 cm².

Electronic friction energy dissipation in semiconductor devices significantly impacts performance

limits, yet the dynamic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that defects accelerate electronic energy dissipation, enhancing friction.