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Sodium-air batteries are appealing energy storage systems due to high theoretical energy density and high sodium abundance. But they are plagued with low efficiency and large overpotential. Here, authors report long-term reversibility over 1000 cycles with 99% efficiency using a cascade electrocatalysis strategy based on Na[Li_1/3Ru_2/3]O₂ electrodes.

Epstein-Barr virus is associated with increased cancer risk. Here, the authors analysed two population-based prospective cohorts in Southern China to examine the association between increased seropositivity and the risk of multiple cancer types.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

This work introduces DeepTernary, a deep learning method for rapid and accurate prediction of PROTAC and molecular glue-induced ternary complex structures, achieving state-of-the-art results by learning from a curated dataset, TernaryDB.

Electrostatic effects of separators under internal electric field is crucial for Li metal batteries. Here, authors develop a high dielectric constant fiber separator that shows substantial polarization under electric field to facilitate a robust and low-resistance solid-electrolyte interphase.

In this work, authors show that deletion of FprB enhances the antibacterial activity of gallium against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, revealing a combination strategy and demonstrating the utility of CRISPRi-seq for therapeutic target discovery.

High-energy aqueous metal batteries are promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems yet face detrimental parasitic reactions. Here, authors develop a durable cadmium-metal battery employing a fast-kinetics dual-structure-breaking electrolyte.

Combining antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting HER2 has been shown to improve efficacy in patients with advanced HER2+ breast cancer. Here, the authors report a randomised phase 2b trial comparing neoadjuvant ARX788 (HER2 ADC) plus pyrotinib (HER1, HER2 and HER4 TKI) against neoadjuvant standard of care (docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab) for the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer.

Here, the authors performed plasma proteomics and metabolomics analysis and identify the vinculin (VCL) pathway as a key mediator of lung exudation in SARS-CoV-2 infections, particularly associated with Omicron infection. In a mouse model of infection inhibition of VCL leads to reduced lung pathology.

Structural vacancies in crystalline solids have potential in tuning optoelectronic properties. However, the random distribution of vacancies a problem when creating materials with completely reproducible functions. Here authors use vacancy engineering to improve electronic communication between cluster units in 3D orientationally ordered MOF crystals.

Steroid resistant asthma can be combatted with antibody therapy, but delivery and off-target effects are a concern. Here, the authors report on the co-delivery of thymic stromal lymphopoietin nanobody mRNA and budesonide in budesonide-incorporated inhalable lipid nanoparticles to treat steroid resistant asthma.

The neurotransmitter serotonin regulates cancer through receptor-signaling activation, but also epigenetics mechanisms by serotonylation. Here, the authors show that histone serotonylation promotes pancreatic cancer progression by upregulating stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which remodels lipid metabolism, suggesting a potential target for therapy.

Understanding past warming events is essential to project the consequences of anthropogenic carbon emissions. Here, carbon and hydrological cycle changes of the Carnian Pluvial Episode are revealed, offering insights into Earth System functioning.

The injection of straw into subsoils can increase soil organic carbon and crop yields substantially and could therefore provide an effective approach for subsoil management in croplands, according to 15 years of field experiments on rice–wheat croplands in China.

Conventional doping with hygroscopic dopants could lead to compromised device stability in perovskite solar cells. Here, the authors employ a combination of metal salt dopants to enhance doping efficiency and remove hygroscopic contaminants, realizing efficiency of over 25% for stable devices.

Cao et al. report an A-site co-doping strategy by substituting Cs+ cation by alkali metals for perovskite quantum wires embedded in nanoporous alumina template, stabilising the crystal structure and enabling high-colour purity LEDs spanning from blue to green spectral region.

The zoonotic parasite Toxoplasma has complex developmental programs to accommodate different lifestyles that are important for parasite transmission and pathogenesis. Here, the authors discover a novel chromatin remodeling complex containing SNF2L in Toxoplasma and report its crucial roles in regulating the parasite’s developmental programs.

This study reveals an important formation pathway of organic nitrates in ambient aerosols through the multiphase reactions of organic peroxides and nitrite, particularly in polluted urban areas.

Wu et al. demonstrate that REM transcription factors and GDE1 guide RNA polymerase IV to specific genomic loci, establishing a DNA sequence-dependent mechanism for siRNA biogenesis and DNA methylation patterning.

Proton transfer plays a key role in nature, yet its ultrafast dynamics remain elusive. Here the authors use coincidence spectroscopy and theoretical simulations to show that radiolytic doubly-ionized pyrrole triggers proton transfer to water within 60 fs.

Zhang, Peng, and colleagues benchmark metabolic RNA labelling chemistries for time-resolved single-cell RNA sequencing, improving in vivo detection of newly synthesized RNA during zebrafish embryogenesis.

The phenol industry faces a pressing sustainability challenge from the production of acetone as a by-product at a level far beyond its market. Here the authors develop an electro-biosystem that can efficiently convert such surplus acetone into valuable long-chain commodity chemicals.

Immunoengineering-based cancer therapies have huge potential. Here the authors report on the lipid nanoparticle delivery, to cancer cells, of self-amplifying RNA encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike epitope-loaded MHC I molecules to take advantage of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity from a vaccinated population to treat cancer.

Here the authors report asperigimycins, fungal ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides with a heptacyclic scaffold. After chemically modifying them for nanomolar anticancer activity, CRISPR screening identifies SLC46A3 as a key transporter for their uptake in cells.

The passivation of surface defects is critical in perovskite photovoltaics yet challenging to implement in practice. Wang et al. show that fluorinated isopropanol allows the use of a high concentration of passivator molecules, ensuring the complete passivation of defects.

In large prospectively enrolled validation cohorts of patients with cancer and controls and a prospective study of asymptomatic individuals with average risk for cancer, a multicancer early detection test based on plasma cell-free DNA genomics and fragmentomics showed encouraging accuracy in identifying ongoing disease as well as the tissue of origin.

The microglia–neuron interactions contributing to neuronal hyperexcitability are unclear. Here, the authors show how GABA and C3 signaling coordinate microglial engulfment of inhibitory synapses, driving excitatory–inhibitory imbalance and neuronal hyperexcitability in epilepsy.

Many montane birds seasonally migrate between elevations. This study shows two bird species exhibit phenotypic plasticity in response to this altitude shift: the small-scale elevational migrant shows greater temperature-driven plasticity, while the large-scale migrant displays stronger hypoxia-driven plasticity.

Benzosilacycles are of potential interest in drug discovery and materials science, and they are often synthesized through transition-metal cyclizations. Here, the authors report iron-catalyzed sequential hydrosilylations of alkynes to access various 5-, 6-, 7- and 10-membered benzosilacycles in high yield and selectivity.

Chen, Zhou, Xue et al. show that psychological stress leads to noradrenaline release and Alkbh5 downregulation, causing the transfer of extracellular vesicles containing m⁶A-modified RNAs to neurons to regulate innervation and pancreatic cancer development.

Chen et al. report all-site alloying for 3D perovskites where B-site strontium doping retards the crystallisation and induces sequential A-site doping with annealing. The controllable crystallisation enables blue LEDs with peak efficiency of 23.3% at 487 nm and tuneable emission to 463 nm.

A new group of multi-principal-element alloys, designed through machine learning and extreme microstructural heterogeneities, achieve high strength (1.8-GPa yield strength) and ductility (25% uniform elongation) at room temperature.

In a large-scale, international, multicenter, phase 1/1b trial, treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors with the B7H3-targeting antibody–drug conjugate YL201 was safe and showed preliminary clinical efficacy.

The correlated errors in superconducting qubits have been linked to high-energy particle impacts from cosmic rays, but a direct observation has been lacking. Here, the authors measure the quasiparticle bursts and correlated errors and separate the contributions of cosmic-ray muons and γ-rays in a 63-qubit processor.

The mechanism of HIV-1 latency reversal remains unclear. The authors suggest that PRMT3 drives the reversal by enhancing chromatin accessibility to form a transcriptional hub containing TEAD4 and P-TEFb at the viral promoter.

High-energy-density lithium metal batteries suffer from limited cycle life. Here the authors develop a homogeneous and mechanically stable solid–electrolyte interphase by using a trioxane-modulated electrolyte, thereby expanding battery cyclability.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Bacterial attachment on implanted medical devices depends on surface topography. Here, the authors screen combinatorially generated shapes embossed into polymers to investigate topographical control of bacterial responses to surfaces.

Moiré patterns and flat bands usually occur in multilayer materials with a small interlayer twist angle, but this can cause detrimental lattice reconstruction. Now, flat bands are shown in a bilayer with large twist angle and structural rigidity.

An accurate evaluation of lithium-metal battery performance is challenging due to the excessive lithium that is often used at the anode. Here the authors report a methodology to assess the degradation mechanism and cycle life of practical lithium-metal batteries.

A quantum microsatellite, with a payload weighing only 23 kilograms, in combination with portable ground stations that weigh merely 100 kilograms, is capable of performing space-to-ground real-time quantum key distribution.

The interfacial reactions of the battery material LiMn₂O₄ in aqueous electrolytes are intricate and underexplored. Here, authors demonstrate H₃O⁺ insertion into LiMn₂O₄ and elucidate the paradoxical effects of lattice H₃O⁺, which enhances proton tolerance but impedes Li⁺ diffusion.

Large lattice variation of electrode materials upon lithiation and delithiation limits the cycle life of lithium batteries. Here, authors introduce a lattice pinning strategy via heterostructure design to suppress lattice expansion in MoO₃ and improve cycle life in all-solid-state lithium batteries.

Patients with gastric cancer often present with poor performance status, limiting both quality of life but also treatment options as they are often excluded from clinical trials. Here, the authors report a phase II trial investigating anlotinib (multi-TKI) plus toripalimab (anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody) in treatment-naïve advanced gastric cancer patients with performance status 2.

Sustainable management of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is essential for advancing organic waste treatment towards resource-oriented processes, but the molecular complexity of DOM hinders the understanding of the underlying biochemical processes. Here, the authors use ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry to explore the molecular transformation of DOM in anaerobic digestion.