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The realization of high-performance flexible perovskite/crystalline-silicon tandem solar cells requires efficient photocarrier transport and mitigation of residual stress. Here, authors reveal the critical role of perovskite phase homogeneity, achieving flexible devices with efficiency of 29.88%.

The growth of Li dendrites and the accumulation of dead Li significantly undermine the safety and performance of Li metal batteries. Here, authors introduce the concept of “catalytic” effect for dead Li reconversion, leading to a Li plating/stripping efficiency of 99.89%.

The mammalian HRD1 ubiquitin ligase mediates ERAD of misfolded proteins in the ER. Here, the authors determined cryo-EM structures of human HRD1-SEL1L-XTP3B complexes with and without Derlins, offering insights into glycan recognition and revealing dramatic Derlin-induced conformational changes.

Xiangdong Fu and colleagues report characterization of a major rice grain yield QTL at the DEP1 locus.

The tissue-specific accumulation patterns of pathogenic mtDNA mutations during aging remain incompletely understood. In this study, the researchers developed three mouse models with distinct mitochondrial tRNA mutations, revealing age-dependent accumulation of these mutations in the kidneys, leading to mitochondrial kidney disease.

Suppressing charge transport and reducing conduction loss at high temperatures and electric fields is crucial in high-temperature dielectric materials. Here, the authors incorporate high-polarity small molecules into polyetherimide to increase its energetic disorder and reduce charge transport, enabling an energy density of 6.45 J cm-3 with an efficiency of 90%.

A Fusarium graminearum effector is found to target wheat fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase for 26S proteasomal degradation. The hydrolase enhances resistance to Fusarium head blight by regulating defense genes and amino acid metabolism, offering a genetic target for wheat improvement.

A strategy for engineering photon-avalanche nanoparticles is proposed such that they exhibit an unprecedentedly strong nonlinear optical response and their emissions scale by more than 500th power of the pump intensity.

Using two cohorts, Liu, Ge, Xiao, Lu and colleagues perform plasma metabolomics and lipidomics, linking reduced sarcosine to sarcopenia diagnosis. In mice, they demonstrate that sarcosine enhances muscle repair, boosts adipose thermogenesis and preserves muscle mass via macrophage modulation.

The gut microbiota bacterium Ruminococcus gnavus is implicated in the development of cirrhotic liver encephalopathy through the production of neurotoxins.

Existing methods for identifying differential gene expression signatures for clinical case/control analyses with high throughput sequencing data present various challenges. Here, the authors develop BEANIE, a nonparametric statistical method that outperforms existing approaches for simulated and real-world cancer datasets, revealing biologically and clinically relevant insights.

The authors demonstrate standing ceramic circuit boards (S-CCBs) with high-resolution and high aspect-ratio fabricated via sacrificial coating-assisted micro-3D printing, which have both high-density integration and large current-carrying capacity

In mechanical-force-induced redox catalysis systems, the piezoelectric potential generated can sometimes be insufficient to activate the electron transfer process. Here, the authors use piezoelectric materials as mechanochemical redox catalysts with 9-phenyl-dihydroacridine as a sacrificial electron donor, enabling efficient consecutive electron transfer.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

He et al. report a two-transistor-two-resistor core unit based synaptic kernel with monolithic 3D heterogeneous integration compatibility, showing compelling performance, yield (91.2%), and component uniformity. Synaptic kernel supporting differential weight achieves beyond 85% CIFAR-10 recognition.

Here, the authors perform a pan-genome-based genome-wide meta-analysis of six independent GWAS experiments in rice, demonstrating the potential of this approach to increase understanding of the genetic basis of, and genes underlying key rice traits.

A memristor-based architecture for federated learning can implement compute-in-memory technology for encryption and decryption computations, a physical unclonable function for key generation and a true random number generator for error polynomial generation all within the same memristor array and peripheral circuits.

In the IMpower151 trial, the drug combination previously shown to be effective in the IMpower150 trial was not significantly effective in a Chinese population.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

Metal-free catalysts offer a sustainable option for water oxidation but typically underperform compared to metal-based ones. Here, the authors report an all-organic catalyst that uses a rare oxide pathway to achieve high efficiency and long-term stability, comparable to metal-based systems.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has limited dietary treatment options. Here, the authors show that torularhodin, a microbial carotenoid, alleviates NAFLD by enriching Akkermansia muciniphila and promoting adenosylcobalamin synthesis, which reduces ceramides via HIF-2α inhibition.

Molecular probes that can detect aqueous sulphides could help to elucidate their roles in biological signalling. Qianet al. develop two sulphide-selective fluorescent probes and demonstrate their ability to image free sulphide in living cells.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

Neurogenic bladder often occurs after pelvic ganglia injury. Here, the authors designed a fiber-enhanced tissue bandage for injured pelvic ganglia that facilitates the delivery of growth factors essential for ganglia healing.

Ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrate reduction direct in acid is restricted by intense competition with hydrogen evolution. Here, a heterogeneous catalyst adlayer composed of multivariate covalent organic frameworks is reported to regulate the microenvironment and promote acidic nitrate reduction.

In this partially randomized clinical trial, the authors find that an orally inhaled Ad5-nCoV booster is associated with a lower incidence of symptomatic COVID-19 during the following 6 months compared with controls who haven’t received a booster. Intramuscular administered Ad5-CoV booster is associated with reduced COVID-19 incidence as well.

Wastewater treatment plants are important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, the authors analyze ARGs in a global collection of samples from wastewater treatment plants across six continents, providing insights into biotic and abiotic mechanisms that appear to control ARG diversity and distribution.

Heterogeneous single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer high atom utilization and well-defined active sites but face challenges in multi-stage cross-couplings due to limited coordination and reactivity. Here, the authors introduce SACs on reducible carriers, enabling adaptive coordination to bypass oxidative addition in cross-couplings.

It is extremely difficult to separate tritium from radioactively contaminated water. Here the authors introduce catalytic hydrogen isotope exchange to water distillation, realizing excellent detritiation performance.

LYCHOS, a lysosomal membrane protein, coordinates cholesterol concentration with mTORC1 activation. Here, the authors report its cryo-EM structures, identify a cholesterol binding site, and demonstrate its ability to bind the gut-derived uremic toxin, indole sulfate.

The emergence of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is finely tuned by a variety of signaling pathways. Here, the authors find that Nlrc3 is highly expressed during hematopoietic differentiation in vivo and in vitro, activates the Notch pathway, and acts downstream of NF-kB signaling.

Sun et al. report human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome in 33,250 individuals, which highlights critical growth milestones and distinct maturation patterns and offers a normative reference for development, aging and diseases.

Enantioselective γ-lactonization of unactivated C(sp³)–H bonds is a challenge using chemical methods. Now the biocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of γ-lactones from aliphatic carboxylic acids is reported, using a reengineered fatty acid hydroxylase, P450_BSβ. Crystallographic and computational analyses show the observed γ-regioselectivity arises from the mutants introduced into P450_BSβ.

Tandem repeats (TRs) have unique ability to drive a range of phenotype variations. Here, the authors survey rice TR variations based on 231 genome assemblies and the rice pan-genome graph, identify TR variations associated with expressed genes, and reveal expression TRs contributed to rice agronomic trait variations.

The protein stability of KRAS mutants can influence tumor promotion. Here, the authors identify that deubiquitinase JOSD2 stabilizes KRAS mutants and JOSD2 depletion inhibits KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer growth in part due to mutant KRAS degradation.

This study reports the horizontal gene transfer of CSP genes from bacteria to Triticeae, promoting the adaptation and spread of wheat through enhanced drought tolerance and photosynthetic efficiency.

Existing method struggles with CHH methylation detection from the reads generated by the latest ONT technology. Here, the authors developed a deep learning model that can significantly improve CHH detection accuracy in plants.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Alveolar bone resorption (ABR) is a key pathological manifestation in the development of apical periodontitis (AP) that contributes to the AP-associated tooth loss, and whose underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Here, the authors show a molecular mechanism on osteoclastogenesis-related ABR and provides a therapeutic target of AP via modulating the FTO/HK1/USP14/RANK axis.