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Metal-tip-based electron sources are constrained by a trade-off between energy spread and pulse width. Here the authors report a carbon-nanotube-based electron source with a 0.3-eV energy spread and an electron pulse width of about 13 fs.

BPAN is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by WDR45 mutations. Here, the authors discover that WDR45 can competitively displace G3BP1 from Caprin-1 to promote stress granule disassembly, a function that is disrupted by BPAN-associated WDR45 mutations.

A three-dimensional metal stamp can be used to selectively exfoliate two-dimensional materials, allowing the remaining material to be patterned into two-dimensional arrays without leaving chemical or polymer residues.

Metabolic processes lead to the production of bioactive gases, such as nitric oxide, which may play roles in the gut immune homeostasis. Here authors show that genomic deletion of Nos2 in mice aggravates colitis in experimental models via an Aryl-Hydrocarbon-Receptor-mediated pathway in type 3 innate lymphoid cells.

Nonlinear transport has recently been shown to allow efficient detection of the Néel vector, however, antiferromagnets hosting nonlinear transport are assumed rare, due to the required strong spin-orbit coupling. Here, Zhu, Li and coauthors find that the magnetic order itself can yield large nonlinear transport.

The design of inorganic-organic hybrid solid-state electrolytes is expected to merge the merits of both inorganic and organic material. Here, the authors craft Li-ion-implanted copper maleate hydrate nanoflakes via a bottom-up self-assembly approach to reveal superior room-temperature Li-ion conductivity.

While CDK4/6 inhibitors have become standard of care in patients with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer (ABC), selecting the optimal inhibitor could improve care further. Here, the authors report planned interim analysis of the BRIGHT-2 study, a randomised phase 3 trial comparing bireociclib (CDK4/6i) and fulvestrant (ET) against placebo and fulvestrant in female HR + /HER2- ABC patients.

Here, the authors show that Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation enhances oncolytic virus VSVΔ51 effect through restoring gut barrier integrity and microbiota homeostasis in mice.

Derivatives of physical properties with respect to matter have played a significant role in atomistic modeling. Here, the authors enable the differentiation of ML interatomic potentials with respect to elements to model disorder and free energies.

Currently, there is limited understanding of the molecular subtypes of fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, the authors employ integrated genomics and transcriptomics to develop a CpG site-specific methylation signature for the identification of FH-deficient RCC, and to identify three distinct molecular subtypes for this rare but highly lethal kidney cancer.

CD200R1 is a transmembrane receptor expressed on macrophages. Here the authors report that the interaction of CD200R1 with its ligand CD200, expressed by tumor cells, suppresses phagocytosis, and that targeting CD200R1-CD200 promotes macrophage-mediated anti-tumor response.

The prediction of chronic toxicity is a major challenge in nanotoxicity studies. Here, the authors present an in silico framework for predicting ENM-induced lung fibrosis, displaying 85% accuracy in experimental validation and leading to identification of key events at nano-bio interfaces that allows mechanism interpretation of ENM-induced lung fibrosis.

Liu, Xu, Zhao, Ren, Hei, Fang et al. assess morbidity, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends of ischemic stroke for the period 1990–2021 in 204 countries and territories. Visualizing GBD databases predicts future disease burdens at global, regional, and national levels.

Rat hepatitis E virus (HEV) can infect humans, but the extent of spillover isn’t well studied. Here the authors develop a serological test that distinguishes exposure to rat HEV from other HEV infection and show substantial spillover in a biodiversity hotspot in China. The method can support surveillance of rat HEV.

A nanoporous polyimide film filled with a solid polymer electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and high mechanical strength. An all-solid-state battery made with an approximately 10-μm-thick film shows good cyclability at 60 °C and no dendrite formation.

Graphene-based materials have potential as transparent electrodes, but still fall short of desired performance goals. Here, Bao et al.report that upon intercalation of lithium into few-layer graphene, desired sheet resistance and optical transmittance may be achieved.

A newly identified coronavirus isolated from farmed minks can use the receptor ACE2 to infect cells of different mammalian species, including human cells, which has implications for potential zoonotic spillover events.

Organic room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials exhibiting stimuli responsive reversible changes in optical properties show great potential in diverse optoelectronic fields but a lack of mechanistic understanding limits their development. Here, the authors prepare a series of RTP polymers by incorporating phosphorescent rotors into polymer backbones and demonstrate colortunable persistent luminescence upon excitation at different wavelengths

In a combined experimental and theoretical study of the H + HD → H₂ + D reaction at low collision energy (1.72 eV), the authors obtain detailed information on the quantum reaction dynamics surrounding a conical intersection.

Highly specific glycan labels remain scarce, limiting their use in many applications. Here, authors report recombinant glycan affinity binders based on sialidase mutants, which are enzymatically inactive but preserve specificity for sialoglycans.

Abnormal activation of fibroblasts in mature scars after myocardial infarction is a key etiological factor in tissue repair disorders. Here, the authors developed a BBIR-T cell therapy that precisely targets pathogenic fibroblast subpopulations, thereby delaying ventricular remodeling and deterioration of cardiac function.

Autophagy plays a dual role in coronavirus infection. Here, the authors identify PDPK1 as a key regulator that switches between virophagy and mitophagy and demonstrate that a PDPK1-targeting peptide restored immunity and protected mice from lethal viral infections.

Oxidative carbonylation using CO/O₂ is an attractive strategy to construct carbonyl compounds, but the explosive limit of the gas mixture hampers its application. Now, this safety issue is overcome in the aminocarbonylation of alkynes by replacing the external oxidant O₂ by electrochemistry facilitating a mild and safe reaction.

Electrochemical ion intercalation in 2D layered materials is known to occur through the material’s edges, accompanied by frequent structural deformations. Here the authors show that in MoS2 flakes where the edges have been sealed, a reversible and ion-selective intercalation occurs through the top surface via the intrinsic defects.

Room temperature phosphorescent materials have potential in flexible electronics and photonics, but it is challenging to achieve desirable material properties. Here, the authors report stretchable, lightweight and multicoloured room temperature phosphorescent elastomers.

Yang and colleagues present a small-molecule inhibitor for ADAR1 and show that its use is therapeutically beneficial in the context of prostate cancer.

The realization of active metasurfaces operating in the infrared range remains challenging due to design complexities and scarcity of suitable materials. Here, the authors report the realization of electrically programmable plasmonic metasurfaces integrated with graphene transistors, enabling pixelated thermal emission with low cross-talk and enhanced coherence.

Spin space group theory is applied to identify more than 200 collinear magnets with unconventional magnons; high-throughput calculations with spin–orbit coupling find that most of these unconventional magnets are dictated by the Heisenberg exchange interaction.

The combination of targeted therapeutic agents for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) salvage treatment has potential in clinics. Here this group conducts a single-arm, open-label, phase II trial assessing the combination therapy of regorafenib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and sintilimab (PD-1 targeting) as a safe and effective salvage-line treatment for mCRC patients who have progressed upon second-line treatment.

Terahertz (THz) pulses are generated by irradiating a metal wire with femtosecond laser pulses. For incident laser energy of 3 mJ, a THz pulse with energy of 28 μJ is obtained from a 10-cm-long wire. The spectrum of the THz pulse covers 0.1–1.5 THz.

A study describes the development of a generalizable foundation machine learning framework to extract pathology imaging features for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction.

A foundation model learns transcriptional regulatory syntax from chromatin accessibility and sequence data across a range of cell types to predict gene expression and transcription factor interactions, with generalizability to unseen cell types.

In this study, the authors developed intranasal measles virus and mumps virus-based trivalent vaccines, each expressing three distinct SARS-CoV-2 stabilized prefusion spike proteins. They show that the intranasal vaccines provide protection against infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants in small animal models.

In the CNS, glutamatergic neurons directly control functional hyperemia via synaptic-like transmission onto arteriolar smooth muscle cells. Inhibiting this process reduces brain atrophy following cerebral ischemia.

Mechanotransduction in endothelial cells is critical to maintain vascular homeostasis. Here, the authors show that the discoidin ___domain receptor 1 tyrosine kinase is a mechanosensor is essential for connecting the force imposed by shear to endothelial responses.

Phase separated p62 body plays pivotal roles in autophagy. Here, the authors describe a spatial membrane gathering mode by which p62 body functions in autophagosome formation.

Bacteroides vulgatus, a gut bacterium, promotes GLP-1 secretion through its metabolite, pantothenate, inhibiting sugar preference in mice.

Here, Wang et al. report that the ALDH2 rs671 variant exacerbates amyloid-β pathology in the human brain. Mechanistically, the variant leads to 4-HNE accumulation, adducting Lys53 of C99 and promoting the production of Aβ40.

This study describes sensing of circulating cell-free DNA after stroke as the mechanism leading to recurrent ischemic events.