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Some rhizosphere microbes protect plants from phytopathogens through unclear molecular mechanisms. Here, Zhang et al. show that a rhizosphere bacterium displays antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic fungi by reducing the activity of the fungal NatA acetyltransferase complex, thus inducing protein degradation and apoptosis.

This study presents a diagnostic pen with ferrofluid ink that converts handwriting into sensing signals for Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnostics. In pilot studies, neural network-assisted analysis of collected handwriting signals accurately distinguished patients with PD, demonstrating the pen’s potential as a low-cost, scalable tool for accessible diagnostics.

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from computed tomography could significantly contribute to guiding lung cancer surgery, but requires comprehensive clinical validation. Here, the authors test the effectiveness of an AI-driven 3D reconstruction system for lung cancer surgery in a retrospective, multi-center, multi-reader, multi-case study.

Preclinical studies have shown synergy in the combination of tifcemalimab (anti-BTLA antibody) with toripalimab (anti-PD-1 antibody) in lymphoma. Here, the authors report a clinical trial investigating tifcemalimab alone and in combination with toripalimab in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are potent tools for Fenton catalysis. However, current SACs face limitations due to the specificity of their supports. Here, the authors synthesised CoSAs-ZnO, that can selectively generate sulfate radicals and singlet oxygen in peroxymonosulfate and peracetic acid systems, respectively.

Achieving fairness while preserving privacy in medical imaging tasks remains a significant challenge. Here, the authors present and comprehensively evaluate a federated learning framework to tackle both fairness and privacy issues, using a flexible regularization term to integrate multiple fairness criteria.

A gene-edited pig liver transplanted into a human recipient remains functional after 10 days and indicates that porcine organs could help meet the growing demand for liver transplants.

Undefined vacuole-like ultrastructures between epididymal cells have been observed. Here, the authors reveal that these structures contain organelle residues and protein aggregates that suggest a reservoir for protein recycling.

SACs are known for their Fenton-like catalytic performance but face a trade-off between activity and stability in PMS -based systems. Here, authors address this issue by developing a nano-island encapsulated Co SAC that enhances the activity and stability of PMS activation via an “island-sea” effect.

Engineering magnetic nanoparticles at the single-particle level advances nanoreactor design, enabling enhanced active sensing, targeted therapy, and catalytic activity, with broad implications for nano energy and nanomedicine applications.

Efficient and stable heterogeneous catalysts for sustained oxidant activation are vital for solving the global water crisis but elusive. Here, the authors explore the in situ dynamic reconstruction of graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysts with iodine redox mediators, to develop a solar-driven Fenton-like system that activates periodate for effective and sustainable wastewater regeneration.

Lai et al. present a spatially resolved atlas of human atherosclerotic plaques, revealing cellular heterogeneity and identifying lymphoid structures and their potential functions and implications.

Oxidative stress contributes significantly to postmenopausal osteoporosis by impairing osteoblast function, but its precise mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors show that estrogen deficiency reduces GPX4 expression, leading to phospholipid peroxidation that impairs osteoblastogenesis, while GPX4 activators including 6- and 8-Gingerols can mitigate these effects.

The authors reveal a complex polarization network in twisted bilayer h-BN, featuring edge polarization topology and sliding ferroelectricity, driven by the interplay of ferroelectric and piezoelectric effects.

Propane dehydrogenation is challenging to perform under mild conditions due to the reaction’s endothermic nature. Now, near-ambient propane dehydrogenation has been shown using copper single-atom catalysts supported on titanium oxide under light illumination and a water vapour environment.

The role of human glioma IDH1 mutations in regulation of antiviral response is unclear. Here, the authors show that D2HG produced by mutant IDH1 inhibits IFN antiviral responses in glioma cells, which confers sensitivity to oncolytic virotherapy.

Comparing to the electrochemical energy-storage technologies, the energy density of the dielectric capacitors is generally low. Here, the author predicts a conceptional phase of “metaparaelectric” in III nitride compounds (Al, Sc, B) N to improve energy density.

While the conversion of CO₂ to high-value products provides a promising means to remove and utilize atmospheric carbon, few materials can do so without wasteful, sacrificial reagents. Here, authors prepare single-atom Co on Bi₃O₄Br nanosheets as CO₂ reduction catalysts using water and light.

The molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic remodelling in colorectal cancer (CRC) are not completely elucidated. Here, they authors show that the oncogenic protein MYG1 promotes CRC progression not only through regulating mitochondrial activity, but also through activating a nuclear-associated pathway for glycolysis increase.

Acyl radicals represent a reactive species that allow for aldehyde subunits to be nucleophilic instead of their typical electrophilic behavior; however, these species are difficult to access in mild conditions. Here the authors show a method to generate acyl radicals using only an organic photocatalyst and light, and these species are shown as competent nucleophiles in a variety of couplings.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

The authors obtain the TiCoSb-based single-crystals with a dimension exceeding 1 cm, leading to an extraordinary enhancement in electron mobility and consequently, an average power factor of 37 W cm⁻¹ K⁻² in the Nb-doped TiCoSb single-crystal.

Liu, Hao, He, Tan et al. develop and validate a clinical prediction model for perioperative infarction complications after revascularization in moyamoya disease. They provide preoperative evaluation plan and perioperative management suggestions for different risk groups.

Artificial photocatalytic systems based on graphitic carbon nitride are improving, but production of high-value products at electron and hole sites is challenging. Here, the authors report a system using graphite-phase carbon nitride modified with potassium iodide/triiodide eutectic salt to generate H₂O₂ and benzaldehyde.

In mice, disruption of circadian rhythms during pregnancy aggravates neonatal inflammation via metabolic reprograming of myeloid cells in the offspring.

A metropolitan-area quantum network based on the generation of pairwise entanglement is formed by three atomic quantum memories connected to a central photonic server.

Molybdenum disulfide vertical transistors with channel lengths down to one atomic layer can be made with metal electrodes using a mechanical van der Waals transfer process that leads to a high-quality metal–semiconductor interface.

Optogenetic tools allowing transcranial neural inhibition in treating seizures are limited. This study demonstrates that noninvasive transcranial optogenetic activation of a highly sensitive K + -conductive channelrhodopsin (HcKCR1-hs) silences neurons and suppresses seizures deep in the brain, alleviating epilepsy symptoms in mouse models, without intracranial surgery.

Achieving high thermopower in liquid-state thermogalvanic cells is vital to realize a low-cost technology solution for thermal-to-electrical energy conversion. Here, the authors present aqueous thermogalvanic cells based on modified electrolyte with enhanced Seebeck coefficient and thermopower.

Single-photon sources with a single-photon efficiency of 0.60, a single-photon purity of 0.975 and an indistinguishability of 0.975 are demonstrated. This is achieved by fabricating elliptical resonators around site-registered quantum dots.

A new factor, γ_CO2, can effectively measure ocean absorption capacity for carbon dioxide and acidification as ocean acidification intensifies, according to calculations using global temperature and salinity data.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Irreversible damage of the lung epithelium in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients causes high mortality worldwide, with no lung repair approaches available currently. Here, the authors show that cloned human airway basal progenitor cells could repair the fibrotic lung through re-epithelialization of the damaged alveolar area.

Abnormal subchondral bone remodeling plays a pivotal role in the progression of osteoarthritis. Here, the authors reveal a negative feedback loop, RANKL-UCHL1-sCD13, which limits osteoclastogenesis in the subchondral bone to prevent osteoarthritis progression.

We fabricated silicon heterojunction back-contact solar cells using laser patterning, producing cells that exceeded 27% power-conversion efficiency.

Human pan-genomics are increasing our knowledge of genomic diversity and genetic factors in disease. Here, the authors built a gastric cancer pan-genome that included the sequences of Chinese Han patients, and predicted putative and previously unaligned genes associated with gastric cancer.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Catalyst deactivation commonly occurs in heterogeneous catalytic advanced oxidation processes, but the mechanisms are not well understood. This study finds that catalyst deactivation is closely related to deposition of polymeric products of the pollutant-removal process.

Alkaline nitrate electroreduction to ammonia is restricted by insufficient H⁺ supply. Here, the authors propose a halogen-mediated H⁺ feeding strategy, by triggering dangling O-H water dissociation and fast *H desorption for *NO intermediate hydrogenation, to enhance the formation of ammonia.

Conventional managements for nerve stumps have demonstrated limited efficacy. Here, the authors present a spatially confined conduit strategy, designed to enhance the self-organization of regenerating nerves after truncation