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A rare variation in the promoter of qRBG1/OsBZR5 is associated with larger rice grains. OsBZR5 is found to negatively regulate grain size in rice, a biological role opposite to other OsBZR members. A regulatory module of OsGSK2–qRBG1–OsBZR1–D2–OFP1 is further revealed.

Zinc is an essential micronutrient for plants, however its excess causes cellular damage. Here, the authors report that natural variation of Trichome Birefringence (TBR) gene confers zinc toxicity tolerance through modulating root cell wall pectin methylesterification in Arabidopsis.

A new asymmetric non-fullerene acceptor, P2EH-1V, is designed and synthesized for constructing devices demonstrating record-high efficiencies of 26.7% (certified at 26.4%) over an aperture area greater than 1 cm² in perovskite–organic tandem solar cells.

NICER is a broad-spectrum nanovaccine based on a nanovesicle system that can induce an effective immune response via epigenetic regulation to target both cancer stem-like cells and bulk tumour cells to prevent tumour recurrence.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

In a reverse-translational study followed by a clinical trial, the targeting of antigen-presenting mast cells was identified as a therapeutic approach to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who experienced clinical benefit when treated with the mast cell stabilizer cromolyn.

The genetic basis of grapevine thermotolerance remains poorly understood. Here, the authors identify WRKY transcription factor TTC4 as a positive regulator of thermotolerance and reveal its possible upstream repressor SPL13 and downstream target genes HSP18.1 and APX3.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

ELD1, a CCHC-type zinc finger protein, is found to modulate alternative splicing of the core oscillator gene OsCCA1 and thereby regulate photoperiodic flowering in rice. This reveals additional links between light signaling and the circadian clock.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

Arginine addiction induced by argininosuccinate synthase (ASSN1) deficiency has been exploited to treat ASS1-deficient cancers. Here, the authors show an alternative therapeutic approach where ASS1 activity is increased by the pesticide spinosyn A and is shown to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Chemoselective dual functionalization of proteins is an invaluable tool to introduce two distinct payloads to proteins. Here, the authors present N-alkylpyridinium reagents as soft electrophiles for chemoselective dual modification of cysteine residues in peptides or proteins via a 1,6-addition reaction.

Asparagales is the largest monocot order. Here, the authors produce the phylogeny of Asparagales with transcriptomic data from 455 species and investigate the evolution of genes involved with allium flavor biosynthesis.

Liver transplantation can be an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, however, outcomes can be variable. Here, the authors use multi-omics to develop subgroups and identify a CAF-related classification.

The role of outer mitochondrial membrane proteins in Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury (MIRI) largely remains unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that the outer mitochondrial membrane protein Myocardial Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling (MAVS) protein promotes MIRI suggesting MAVS protein as potential therapeutic target.

Spatiotemporal beams differ from standard spatial structured light. The authors introduce 2D spacetime duality to uncover the conventional–spatiotemporal beam connection, enabling the development of high-fidelity spatiotemporal beams.

Catalytic asymmetric click reactions of azides and alkynes for chiral triazole synthesis remains a challenge, due to the limited catalytic systems and substrate scope. Herein, the authors report the enantioselective azidation/click cascade reaction of N-propargyl-β-ketoamides via copper catalysis, affording a variety of chiral 1,2,3-triazoles.

Whether and how chronic stress, often experienced by patients with chronic liver disease, affects liver regeneration remains mysterious. Here, authors show a “brain-to-liver” neural connection that mediates chronic stress-evoked deficits in liver regeneration.

This paper reports a customizable CRISPR ribonucleoprotein delivery tool, dubbed RIDE, for the treatment of Huntington’s disease in mice, non-human primates and patients’ iPSC neurons.

Knock-in mice conditionally or constitutively expressing Cas12 variants enable a wide range of ex vivo and in vivo applications requiring multiplexed genome engineering.

In contrast to the classical streaming potential relying on downstream ionic diffusion, an upstream proton diffusion within two-dimensional nanochannels is found to continuously generate electricity, advancing hydrovoltaic technology.

A globally interconnected solar-wind power system can meet future electricity demand while lowering costs, enhancing resilience, and supporting a stable, sustainable transition to net-zero emissions.

In this study, authors conduct a genomic analysis of 15,000 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, revealing a dominant multidrug-resistant super-lineage (accounting for approximately 70% global isolates), with Clade 2.5.6 emerging in East Asia in 2006.

Glycosylated asparagine residues that mediate the function of the B7H3 protein are unclear. Here the authors identify the important N-glycosylation sites for B7H3 cell surface localization and T cell inhibition, followed by the development of N91/309 and N104/322 preferentially targeting monoclonal antibody manifesting enhanced antitumor immunity.

Currently, there is limited understanding of the molecular subtypes of fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, the authors employ integrated genomics and transcriptomics to develop a CpG site-specific methylation signature for the identification of FH-deficient RCC, and to identify three distinct molecular subtypes for this rare but highly lethal kidney cancer.

The CAPItello-291 phase 3 study reported that capivasertib (an AKT inhibitor) and fulvestrant (a selective estrogen receptor degrader) improved progression free survival in patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Here, the authors report the results of an extended Chinese cohort recruited as part of the original global CAPItello-291 study.

The mechanism of lipoprotein sorting to the bacterial cell surface is still unclear. Here, authors determine the crystal structures of paLptDE-LptM and apo-paLptDE, providing insights into how SLPs are transported to the cell surface via LptDE.

The authors report a molecular ferroelectric (TMCM)[FeCl₄], which shows strong magnetostrictive and magnetoelectric effects at room temperature. The spin-lattice coupling of FeCl₄ and flexible structure of organic cations are responsible for these effects.

Combination immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 and anti-LAG-3 antibodies has shown anti-tumor effects across various cancers, however not all patients respond. Here the authors report that resistance to anti-LAG-3 plus anti-PD-1 therapy in head and neck cancer is mediated by the interaction of Sox9+ tumor cells with Frp1+ neutrophils, resulting in impaired anti-tumor immunity.

The aging immune system is characterized by changes in immune cell frequencies and functionality. Here the authors report dynamics of age-related divergence of circulating immune responses in patients with solid tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Electrocardiogram is crucial for cardiovascular disease prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis. Here, the authors present a motion-unrestricted dynamic electrocardiogram system utilizing skin-conformal, imperceptible electronics for long-term, comfortable, and accurate 12-lead monitoring.

Despite being essential to many applications in quantum science, entanglement can be easily disrupted by decoherence. A protocol based on repetitive quantum error correction now demonstrates enhanced coherence times of entangled logical qubits.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial regulators but challenging to detect due to their low abundance. Here, authors developed a tetrahedral DNA framework (TDF) sensor that allows for rapid and sensitive detection of circRNAs both in vitro and in vivo, facilitating real-time visualization and tracking.

The study revealed how nitrogen fertilization affects fast and slow turnover pools of soil organic carbon differently. The authors found labile particulate organic carbon increased if SOC was below 1.5%, while stable mineral associated organic carbon increased above this critical threshold.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

Cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor DNA profiling had prognostic value in a cohort of 584 patients with lung cancer and central nervous system metastases, and could be used to inform personalized therapies.