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The heterogeneity of HSPCs in response to IR stress remains poorly characterized. Here, the authors provide insights into the molecular intricacies of IR-induced BM injury and reveal the roles of BMP4-BMPR2 signaling in radiation resistance of HSCs.

While cotton fiber development has been extensively studied, the spatiotemporal transcriptome and metabolome landscape remain largely unknown. Here, the authors profile early stage cotton fiber cell using a combination of spatial transcriptomic, single-cell transcriptomic, and spatial metabolomic analyses.

Tao et al. study the role of TRMT6 in colorectal cancer, where it is upregulated and show that TRMT6 supports histone biosynthesis by stabilizing tRNA-Lys-TTT-1-1. Targeting TRMT6 reduced histone mRNA translation in a codon-biased manner.

Toxic methylmercury in soil can accumulate in rice grains. Here, the authors use DNA stable-isotope probing and metagenomics to identify soil microbes and pathways potentially involved in methylmercury degradation.

The direct oxygenation of C–C bonds through single-oxygen-atom insertion like the Baeyer-Villiger reaction is of particular significance. Herein, the authors present an approach for the skeletal modification of styrene using O₂ via oxygen insertion, resulting in the formation of aryl ether frameworks under mild reaction conditions.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Honeybee behavioral plasticity provides a model to study how brain gene networks regulate behavior. Here, authors show stripe activation in Kenyon cells links gene regulatory networks to behavioral maturation via spatial-cellular coordination.

For major events in China, such as the Olympic Games, air-pollution emission controls have been imposed in the host and neighboring cities to enhance the experience and reduce health risks. This study reveals the varying effectiveness of short-term emission controls between host and neighboring cities, showing weakening benefits over time as cities learned from past event-hosting experiences.

A memristor-based architecture for federated learning can implement compute-in-memory technology for encryption and decryption computations, a physical unclonable function for key generation and a true random number generator for error polynomial generation all within the same memristor array and peripheral circuits.

OmiCLIP is a visual–omics foundation model that integrates histology and spatial transcriptomics. The associated Loki platform offers accurate and robust tools for alignment, annotation, cell-type decomposition and spatial gene expression prediction.

Nitric oxide reversibly breaches vascular basement membrane barriers, facilitating nanoparticle penetration into the tumour interstitium through explosive eruptions.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from 3,023 human genomes from mainland Southeast Asia identifies high genetic heterogeneity among populations in the region and many unique small and structural variants.

This study reveals the genetic basis of Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) biosynthesis in magnoliids, and further illustrates that preferentially retained ancient gene duplicates enabled BIA production in early-diverging eudicots and magnoliids.

Diatoms are crucial marine microorganisms, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their temperature tolerance remain unclear. This study identifies the heat shock transcription factor PtHSF2 as a key regulator of thermal tolerance and cell size plasticity in Phaeodactylum tricornutum, revealing its role in gene regulation and stress response.

The FarmGTEx Project aims to understand genetic control of gene activity under diverse biological and environmental contexts in domestic animals, providing a foundation for improving animal precision breeding, adaptation and human health.

NH₄⁺-derived pathways, rather than NO₃^--derived pathway, are the dominant hyporheic N₂O sources in lower-order streams. These findings provide insights into better estimation of N₂O emissions in global models of riverine ecosystems and emphasize the importance of managing ammonium.

Chang’E-5 and Chang’E-6 lunar soils show higher δ30Si than lunar basalts, with CE-6 having the highest value, suggesting space weathering produced by micrometeorite impacts alters Si isotopes of lunar soils, with stronger effects on the farside.

Sun et al show that low leucine levels in the blood enhance the pathogenicity of neonatal meningitis-causing Escherichia coli, offering insights into host-pathogen interactions that could inform future therapeutic strategies.

A prophylactic cancer vaccine consisting of commercial adjuvants wrapped by membranes from pluripotent stem cells inhibited tumour progression in mice, owing to shared antigens between tumour membranes and the pluripotent stem cell membranes.

Abeysundara, Rasnitsyn, Fong et al. report that the presence of leptomeningeal metastatic tumour cells leads to the recruitment and remodelling of fibroblasts, which, in turn, facilitate the colonization and outgrowth of medulloblastoma cells in the leptomeninges.

The pathological effects of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection on placental trophoblast progenitor cells in early human embryos are not well understood. In this study, using human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs), Wu et al. show that hTSCs are readily infected by ZIKV, but that there is increasing resistance to the virus as differentiation towards mature lineages proceeds.

Treating osteoarthritis associated pain is challenging. Here, the authors on a hydrogel for extracellular RNA scavenging and releasing bevacizumab to block angiogenesis and neurogenesis at the osteochondral interface, mitigating pain and disease progression.

Veratramine and cyclopamine are valuable molecules in agricultural and medicinal chemistry, but the efficient chemical synthesis approaches are in high demand. Here, the authors report the concise, divergent, and scalable syntheses of veratramine and cyclopamine with 11% and 6.2% overall yield, respectively.

Li et al. perform a phase 2 single-arm clinical trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus checkpoint blockade in participants with resectable muscle-invasive bladder cancer and conduct genomic and transcriptomic profiling to describe molecular subtypes.

This study reveals that the synergistic effect of proton-limited environments and multi-site cooperative activation coupling substantially improves the electrocatalytic co-reduction of CO₂ and N₂ towards urea production, enabling gram-scale synthesis.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Understanding the reprogramming of gene expression and metabolism is critical for the success of somatic embryogenesis-based plant tissue regeneration. Here, the authors report single-cell RNA-sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and spatial metabolomics analyses during cotton somatic embryo development.

A gene-edited pig liver transplanted into a human recipient remains functional after 10 days and indicates that porcine organs could help meet the growing demand for liver transplants.

Serine is an important biomarker for skin healthcare. Here, the authors introduce a portable epidermal sensing system capable of direct sampling and in situ quantification of serine on the skin for personalized skin healthcare.

Qin, Dong, Tang, Chu et al. profile exosomal miRNAs from patients with stroke who have atherosclerosis, identifying selective upregulation of Novel-3 in the plasma. Using a mouse model of cerebral ischemia, they demonstrate the foam cell origin of Novel-3 and explore its neuroinflammatory role.

Axonal spheroids disrupt neural circuits in Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, using subcellular proximity labeling proteomics in human brain and iPSC modeling, the authors link spheroid formation to dysregulated mTOR, cytoskeletal and lipid transport signaling.

Recycling of phosphorus played a role in Ediacaran ocean oxygenation events, according to an analysis of phosphorus speciation from black shales of the Doushantuo Formation, South China.

Catalytic asymmetric fluorination remains elusive, especially the longstanding stereochemical challenges which exist in BF₃Et₂O-based fluorinations. Here the authors show a catalytic asymmetric nucleophilic fluorination using BF₃·Et₂O as the fluorine reagent in the presence of chiral iodine catalyst.

Cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor DNA profiling had prognostic value in a cohort of 584 patients with lung cancer and central nervous system metastases, and could be used to inform personalized therapies.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

In a randomized phase 3 trial, neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 plus either paclitaxel and cisplatin or nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin elicited a significantly superior pathological complete response rate versus neoadjuvant paclitaxel and cisplatin alone in patients with resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.